KKEC_AV_NARR_131128_FK.EAF  hide analysis  hide pauseshide punctuation karaoke karaoke2

sp	bon, n de tɔ́gɔ le fúlà Kɛ́yta   Well, my name is Fula Keita. bon n de tɔ́gɔ le fúlà Kɛ́yta bon n le tɔ́gɔ le fúla Kɛ́yta ETRG.FR 1SG FOC name FOC fula NOM itj pron prt n prt n n.prop

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n táa sàn, n sɔ̀tɔ-len mílnɛfsan sɛ́nkant sís le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara, máa.. Gɔ́ngɔrɛ   My age is (the number of my years) I was born in 1956 in Poopodara, in Gongore n táa sàn n sɔ̀tɔlen mílnɛfsan sɛ́nkant sís le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara máa Gɔ́ngɔrɛ n táa sàn n sɔ̀tɔ len mílnɛfsan sɛ́nkant sís le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara máa Gɔ́ngɔrɛ 1SG part year 1SG get -PC.RES ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR FOC TOPON or TOPON pron n n pron v -mrph num num num prt n.prop conj n.prop

sp	túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Kámaatɔ   in the concession, which name is Kamaato túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Kámaatɔ túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Kámaatɔ ?ETRG REL name TOPON n n n n.prop

sp	ma la hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tɔ́gɔ le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   our village's name is Poopodara ma la hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tɔ́gɔ le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ma la hɔ́ɗɔ È tɔ́gɔ le Pɔ́ɔpɔdara to POSS village -ART name FOC TOPON pp conj n -mrph n prt n.prop

sp	kɔ̀nɔ ma la.. ma la.. sànsáɲɛ̀ Kámaatɔ le   but our.. our concession is Kamaato kɔ̀nɔ ma la ma la sànsáɲɛ̀ Kámaatɔ le kɔ̀nɔ ma la ma la sànsan È Kámaatɔ le but 1PL POSS 1PL POSS fence -ART TOPON FOC conj pron conj pron conj n -mrph n.prop prt

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áwà, kɛɛ n nàa-len bìi, ma ni kúma.. ma la kúmà tɔ   well, I came today, we will talk in our language áwà kɛɛ n nàalen bìi ma ni kúma ma la kúmà tɔ áwà kɛɛ n nàa len bìi ma ni kúma ma la kúma È tɔ well this 1SG come -PC.RES now 1PL OPT speak 1PL POSS speak -ART in itj pron pron v -mrph adv pron pm v pron conj v -mrph pp

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an n' a lɔ́n, ma la kúmà mín.. an bi.. an bi a láa-la kɛ màsíɲɛ̀ tɔ káma le   they will know, our language.. how to register it (how to put it in the machine) an n a lɔ́n ma la kúmà mín an bi an bi a láala kɛ màsíɲɛ̀ tɔ káma le anu ni a lɔ́n ma la kúma È mín anu bi anu bi a láa la kɛɛ màsin È tɔ káma le 3PL OPT 3SG know 1PL POSS speech -ART REL 3PL be 3PL be 3SG lie -GER this machine -ART in how FOC pron pm pron v pron conj n -mrph n pron cop pron cop pron v -mrph pron n -mrph pp adv prt

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áwà, n t' a fɔ́ɔ o yen wóndɛma, ma le ma ka kɛɛ kúmà le sùusu ma la kìnáànù bólo   Well, I tell you that we.. we have sucked this language with the milk of our mathers. áwà n t a fɔ́ɔ o yen wóndɛma ma le ma ka kɛɛ kúmà le sùusu ma la kìnáànù bólo áwà n báti a fɔ́ɔ o yen wóndɛma ma le ma ka kɛɛ kúma È le sùusu ma la kìna È nù bólo well 1SG PRF 3SG say 2PL for that 1PL FOC 1PL PST.TR this speech -ART FOC suck 1PL POSS old.man -ART -PL arm itj pron pm pron v pron pp conj pron prt pron pm pron n -mrph prt v pron conj n -mrph -mrph n

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ma bi.. ɛɛ ma bí.. ma béle màluyalen kɛɛ kúmà là, hàyi ma tágata kànkawóokànkan   we.. we are not ashamed of this language, we go all over the place ma bi ɛɛ ma bí ma béle màluyalen kɛɛ kúmà là hàyi ma tágata kànkawóokànkan ma bi ɛɛ ma bi ma béle màlu ya len kɛɛ kúma È là hàyi ma tága kànkawóokànkan to be ur 1PL be 1PL COP.NEG be.ashamed -ABST -PC.RES this speech -ART LOC even 1PL go everywhere pp cop itj pron cop pron cop v -mrph -mrph pron n -mrph pp dtm pron v adv

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ɛɛ ma i kɛɛ kúmà fɔ́ɔ ɓáyi ma le.. ma béle màluyalen a le kúmà fɛ   We speak this language because we're not ashamed of this language ɛɛ ma i kɛɛ kúmà fɔ́ɔ ɓáyi ma le ma béle màluyalen a le kúmà fɛ ɛɛ ma si kɛɛ kúma È fɔ́ɔ ɓáy ma le ma béle màlu ya len a le kúma È fɛ ur 1PL POT this speech -ART say as 1PL FOC 1PL COP.NEG be.ashamed -ABST -PC.RES 3SG FOC speech -ART with itj pron pm pron n -mrph v conj pron prt pron cop v -mrph -mrph pron prt n -mrph pp

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áwà, ma ka kɛɛ kúmà le tàran, ma la kìnáànù.. ma la kìnáànù bi kɛɛ le fɔ́ɔ-la   We found this language, our parents.. our parents speak this language áwà ma ka kɛɛ kúmà le tàran ma la kìnáànù ma la kìnáànù bi kɛɛ le fɔ́ɔla áwà ma ka kɛɛ kúma È le tàran ma la kìna È nù ma la kìna È nù bi kɛɛ le fɔ́ɔ la well 1PL PST.TR this speech -ART FOC find 1PL POSS old.man -ART -PL 1PL POSS old.man -ART -PL be this FOC say -GER itj pron pm pron n -mrph prt v pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron prt v -mrph

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an bɔ́ɔ-ta, ma la kìnáànù nàa-nden, nàa-ta, an dònta Tínbɔ ɛɛ.. tìbáabuènù tùma le   the left.. you parents came.. they entered Timbo in the time of colonizers an bɔ́ɔta ma la kìnáànù nàanden nàata an dònta Tínbɔ ɛɛ tìbáabuènù tùma le anu bɔ́ɔ ta ma la kìna È nù nàa len nàa ta anu dòn ta Tínbɔ ɛɛ tìbáabu È nù tùma le 3PL leave -PST.INTR 1PL POSS old.man -ART -PL come -PC.RES come -PST.INTR 3PL enter -PST.INTR TOPON ur white.man -ART -PL time FOC pron v -mrph pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph v -mrph pron v -mrph n.prop itj n -mrph -mrph n prt

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tìbáabuènù nin Sáamɔri bi ɲɔ̀gɔn bìtalen gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀.. gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀nù làko mín nà.. hári Sáamɔri b' a háɓɓitɛ-len   the the colonizers and imam Samory, they were chasing each other and having war, Samori did so that, tìbáabuènù nin Sáamɔri bi ɲɔ̀gɔn bìtalen gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀nù làko mín nà hári Sáamɔri b a háɓɓitɛlen tìbáabu È nù nin Sáamɔri bi ɲɔ̀gɔn bìta len gɛ̀rɛ È gɛ̀rɛ È nù làko mín là hári Sáamɔri bi a háɓɓɛ len white.man -ART -PL and NOM.M be the.same seize -PC.RES strife -ART strife -ART -PL for REL LOC but NOM.M be 3SG decide -PC.RES n -mrph -mrph conj n.prop cop n v -mrph n -mrph n -mrph -mrph pp n pp prt n.prop cop pron v -mrph

sp	tìbáabuènù tí dòn ɛɛ Hɔ́tginɛ   the colonizers wouldn't enter the Upper Guinea tìbáabuènù tí dòn ɛɛ Hɔ́tginɛ tìbáabu È nù tí dòn ɛɛ Hɔ́tginɛ white.man -ART -PL NEG.POT enter ur TOPON n -mrph -mrph pm v itj n.prop

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áwà Búbakar Bírɔ, álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ tùgun b' a háɓɓitɛ-len tìbáabuènù tí dòn Tínbɔ   well, Bubakar Biro, imam Bubakar Biro also did al possible so that the colonizers don't enter Timbo áwà Búbakar Bírɔ álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ tùgun b a háɓɓitɛlen tìbáabuènù tí dòn Tínbɔ áwà Búbakar Bírɔ álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ tùgun bi a háɓɓɛ len tìbáabu È nù tí dòn Tínbɔ well NOM.M NOM.CL imam NOM.M NOM.CL again be 3SG decide -PC.RES white.man -ART -PL NEG.POT enter TOPON itj n.prop n.prop n n.prop n.prop adv cop pron v -mrph n -mrph -mrph pm v n.prop

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áwà, ɓáyi tìbáabuènù nin álmaamu Sáamɔri, an t' an ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là   Well, wheh the colonizers and imam Samory, they chased each other, áwà ɓáyi tìbáabuènù nin álmaamu Sáamɔri an t an ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là áwà ɓáy tìbáabu È nù nin álmaami Sáamɔri anu báti anu ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là well as white.man -ART -PL and imam NOM.M 3PL PRF 3PL one.another seize that LOC itj conj n -mrph -mrph conj n n.prop pron pm pron pron v pron pp

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a máni tìbáabuènù a máni tànbi tìbáabuènù ɲɔ́ɔ ɛɛ.. ɲáa tɔ, a ni nàa, a ni bóɲɛ̀-nù bìntan   When he was in front of the colonizers, he came and burnt the houses a máni tìbáabuènù a máni tànbi tìbáabuènù ɲɔ́ɔ ɛɛ ɲáa tɔ a ni nàa a ni bóɲɛ̀nù bìntan a máni tìbáabu È nù a máni tànbi tìbáabu È nù ɲɔ́ɔ ɛɛ ɲáa tɔ a ni nàa a ni bón È nù bìntan 3SG COND white.man -ART -PL 3SG COND pass white.man -ART -PL that ur eye in 3SG OPT come 3SG OPT house -ART -PL burn pron pm n -mrph -mrph pron pm v n -mrph -mrph pron itj n pp pron pm v pron pm n -mrph -mrph v

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a máni bóɲɛ̀nù bìntan hɔ́ɗɛ̀nù mín-nù bi tìbáabuènù ɲáa tɔ,   When he burnt the villages that were in front of the colonizers, a máni bóɲɛ̀nù bìntan hɔ́ɗɛ̀nù mínnù bi tìbáabuènù ɲáa tɔ a máni bón È nù bìntan hɔ́ɗɔ È nù mín nù bi tìbáabu È nù ɲáa tɔ 3SG COND house -ART -PL burn village -ART -PL REL -PL be white.man -ART -PL eye in pron pm n -mrph -mrph v n -mrph -mrph n -mrph cop n -mrph -mrph n pp

sp	won ni bòri, an ni ɛ́ddi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   They would run and fly from there. won ni bòri an ni ɛ́ddi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ wo nù ni bòri anu ni ɛ́ddi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ that -PL OPT run 3PL OPT ?ETRG.PUL there pron -mrph pm v pron pm v adv

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tìbáabuènù máni bɔ́ɔ.. bɔ́ɔ kɔ́ma, hári an tí mɔ̀gɔ wő yén, an si mín dámu.. mín si dámuè díi an ma   when the white came from the back, they would not see anybody, what to eat tìbáabuènù máni bɔ́ɔ bɔ́ɔ kɔ́ma hári an tí mɔ̀gɔ wő yén an si mín dámu mín si dámuè díi an ma tìbáabu È nù máni bɔ́ɔ bɔ́ɔ kɔ́ma hári anu tí mɔ̀gɔ wő yén anu si mín dámu mín si dámu È díi anu ma white.man -ART -PL COND leave leave space.behind but 3PL ETRG.MNK man UNIV see 3PL POT REL eat REL POT eat -ART give 3PL to n -mrph -mrph pm v v pp prt pron pm n dtm v pron pm n v n pm v -mrph v pron pp

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áwà tìbáabuènù ɛɛ.. kɔ́nkɛ̀ ni tìbáabuènù bìta   they were hungry áwà tìbáabuènù ɛɛ kɔ́nkɛ̀ ni tìbáabuènù bìta áwà tìbáabu È nù ɛɛ kɔ́nkɔ È ni tìbáabu È nù bìta well white.man -ART -PL ur hunger -ART OPT white.man -ART -PL seize itj n -mrph -mrph itj n -mrph pm n -mrph -mrph v

sp	háa Sámɔri ni an fɛ̀rɛɛ̀ sɔ̀tɔ   and thus Samory got the possibility to get at them háa Sámɔri ni an fɛ̀rɛɛ̀ sɔ̀tɔ háa sa ni anu fɛ̀rɛ È sɔ̀tɔ until in.order.to OPT 3PL means -ART get conj conj pm n -mrph

sp	a ni an.. a ni an.. fàga   to kill them a ni an a ni an fàga a ni anu a ni anu fàga 3SG OPT 3PL 3SG OPT 3PL die pron pm pron pron pm pron v

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áwà, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dóonù nàati-len.. nàa-len Fúuta wo ɲàâ le   That's how our people were brought.. came to Fouta áwà ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dóonù nàatilen nàalen Fúuta wo ɲàâ le áwà ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù do nàati len nàa len Fúuta wo ɲàa È le well 1PL POSS man -ART -PL FOC.do bring -PC.RES come -PC.RES TOPON that manner -ART FOC itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph prt v -mrph v -mrph n.prop pron n -mrph prt

sp	dóonù, álmaami Sáamɔri   Others, the imam Samori dóonù álmaami Sáamɔri dóo nù álmaami Sáamɔri one -PL imam NOM.M n -mrph n n.prop

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a le.. a le álmaami Sáamɔri, a.. a ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dóonù tùgun bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là   imam Samori, he took some of our people there a le a le álmaami Sáamɔri a a ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dóonù tùgun bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là a le a le álmaami Sáamɔri a a ka ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù dóo nù tùgun bìta ɲɔ́ɔ là 3SG FOC 3SG FOC imam NOM.M 3SG 3SG PST.TR 1PL POSS man -ART -PL one -PL again seize that LOC pron prt pron prt n n.prop pron pron pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph n -mrph adv v pron pp

sp	a ka an nàati álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ báta   an brought them to imam Bubakar Biro a ka an nàati álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ báta a ka anu nàati álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ báta 3SG PST.TR 3PL bring imam NOM.M NOM.CL at pron pm pron v n n.prop n.prop n.loc

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ɛɛ tàran.. Tínbɔ.. a ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dòni ɛɛ.. dín a la sòofaànù ma   in Timbo.. he brought our people, and gave to his warriors ɛɛ tàran Tínbɔ a ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dòni ɛɛ dín a la sòofaànù ma ɛɛ tàran báti a ka ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù dòni ɛɛ díi a la sòofa È nù ma ur find PRF 3SG PST.TR 1PL POSS man -ART -PL transport ur give 3SG POSS warrior -ART -PL to itj v pm pron pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph v itj v pron conj n -mrph -mrph pp

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bon, an ni.. an ni nàa Tínbɔ, an ni álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ tàran   He came to Timbo and found Bubakar Biro bon an ni an ni nàa Tínbɔ an ni álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ tàran bon anu ni anu ni nàa Tínbɔ anu ni álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ tàran ETRG.FR 3PL OPT 3PL OPT come TOPON 3PL OPT imam NOM.M NOM.CL find itj pron pm pron pm v n.prop pron pm n n.prop n.prop v

sp	kà an máyìta.. kà an máyìta   and sold them.. and sold them kà an máyìta kà an máyìta kà anu máyìta kà anu máyìta SEQ 3PL sell SEQ 3PL sell conj pron v conj pron v

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sìnáa dún álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ ni áalà dín an fɛ   or he would give him weapons (if he has no money to pay the slaves) sìnáa dún álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ ni áalà dín an fɛ sìnáa dún álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ ni áala È díi anu fɛ otherwise so imam NOM.M NOM.CL OPT weapon -ART give 3PL with conj part n n.prop n.prop pm n -mrph v pron pp

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an n' a wà, an n' a dín Sáamɔri fɛ, an ni mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù.. an ka mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mínnù nàati, an ni won' tóo fúlànù fɛ yan de tɔ   We came, he gave it to Samory, the people that he brought, he left them with Fulbe an n a wà an n a dín Sáamɔri fɛ an ni mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù an ka mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mínnù nàati an ni won tóo fúlànù fɛ yan de tɔ anu ni a wà anu ni a díi Sáamɔri fɛ anu ni mɔ̀gɔ È nù anu ka mɔ̀gɔ È nù mín nù nàati anu ni wo nù tóo fúla È nù fɛ yan le tɔ 3PL OPT 3SG go 3PL OPT 3SG give NOM.M with 3PL OPT man -ART -PL 3PL PST.TR man -ART -PL REL -PL bring 3PL OPT that -PL leave fula -ART -PL with that FOC in pron pm pron v pron pm pron v n.prop pp pron pm n -mrph -mrph pron pm n -mrph -mrph n -mrph v pron pm pron -mrph v n -mrph -mrph pp pron prt pp

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bon, wo grúpu fìla le dònden ɛɛ Fúuta yan de tɔ   well, these two groups entered Futa bon wo grúpu fìla le dònden ɛɛ Fúuta yan de tɔ bon wo grúpu fìla le dòn len ɛɛ Fúuta yan le tɔ ETRG.FR that group two FOC enter -PC.RES ur TOPON that FOC in itj pron n num prt v -mrph itj n.prop pron prt pp

sp	ma le nɔn.. ma le nɔn ma mántasɔrɔ   our grand-grand father ma le nɔn ma le nɔn ma mántasɔrɔ ma le nɔn ma le nɔn ma mántasɔrɔ 1PL FOC but 1PL FOC but 1PL ETRG.PUL pron prt itj pron prt itj pron n

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ma mántasɔrɔ, wo tɔ́gɔ le.. wo tɔ́gɔ le Sáajuma Dámue   our grandfather, his name is Saajum Damue ma mántasɔrɔ wo tɔ́gɔ le wo tɔ́gɔ le Sáajuma Dámue ma mántasɔrɔ wo tɔ́gɔ le wo tɔ́gɔ le Sáajuma Dámue to ETRG.PUL that name FOC that name FOC NOM.M NOM.CL pp n pron n prt pron n prt n.prop n.prop

sp	Sáajuma Dámue wo nun, won de bɔ́ɔ-len Fúnnange   Saajuma Damue, he comes Funnange Sáajuma Dámue wo nun won de bɔ́ɔlen Fúnnange Sáajuma Dámue wo nun wo nù le bɔ́ɔ len Fúnnange NOM.M NOM.CL that RETR that -PL FOC leave -PC.RES TOPON n.prop n.prop pron prt pron -mrph prt v -mrph n.prop

sp	ɛɛ ɓá n máamasɔrɔ ka fɔ́ɔ ɲɲe nun   my grand father told me ɛɛ ɓá n máamasɔrɔ ka fɔ́ɔ ɲɲe nun ɛɛ ɓáy n máamasɔrɔ ka fɔ́ɔ n yen nun ur as 1SG great.great.grandfather PST.TR say 1SG for RETR itj conj pron n pm v pron pp prt

sp	won de ma la íwdè tígitigi le Tùnbuktú le   that our orgin is Tumbuktu won de ma la íwdè tígitigi le Tùnbuktú le wo nù le ma la íwdi È tígitigi le Tùnbuktú le that -PL FOC 1PL POSS ETRG.PUL -ART exactly FOC TOPON FOC pron -mrph prt pron conj n -mrph itj prt n.prop prt

sp	ɛɛ Máli Bámakɔ dúla, Tùnbuktú   close to Mali-Bamako, Tumbuktu ɛɛ Máli Bámakɔ dúla Tùnbuktú ɛɛ Máli Bámakɔ dúla Tùnbuktú ur TOPON TOPON place TOPON itj n.prop n.prop n.loc n.prop

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áwà, kɔ̀nɔ gɛ̀rɛ wálè.. gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ ɓáyi bìi gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ t' a wúli, Sáamɔdu a nin tìbáabuènù tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòri-ta ɲɔ́ɔ là, an dòn-ta Fúuta yan de tɔ   But... a big war rose between Samodu and the colonizers, our people fled from there and came to Fouta áwà kɔ̀nɔ gɛ̀rɛ wálè gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ ɓáyi bìi gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ t a wúli Sáamɔdu a nin tìbáabuènù tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrita ɲɔ́ɔ là an dònta Fúuta yan de tɔ áwà kɔ̀nɔ gɛ̀rɛ wálu È gɛ̀rɛ È ɓáy bìi gɛ̀rɛ È báti a wúli Sáamɔdu a nin tìbáabu È nù tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bòri ta ɲɔ́ɔ là anu dòn ta Fúuta yan le tɔ well but strife big -ART strife -ART as now strife -ART PRF 3SG get.up NOM.M 3SG and white.man -ART -PL near 1PL POSS man -ART -PL run -PST.INTR that LOC 3PL enter -PST.INTR TOPON that FOC in itj conj n adj -mrph n -mrph conj adv n -mrph pm pron v n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph pp pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron pp pron v -mrph n.prop pron prt pp

sp	áwà, wo ɲɔ́ɔ tɔ́gɔ le Sáajoma Dámue   So, his name is Saajoma Damue áwà wo ɲɔ́ɔ tɔ́gɔ le Sáajoma Dámue áwà wo ɲɔ́ɔ tɔ́gɔ le Sáajoma Dámue well that that name FOC NOM.M NOM.CL itj pron pron n prt n.prop n.prop

sp

ɓáyi.. Sáajoma Dámue wo, ɓáyi a bòrita háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   When Saajom Damue fled to Poopodara, ɓáyi Sáajoma Dámue wo ɓáyi a bòrita háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɓáy Sáajoma Dámue wo ɓáy a bòri ta háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara as NOM.M NOM.CL that as 3SG run -PST.INTR until TOPON conj n.prop n.prop pron conj pron v -mrph conj n.prop

sp	háa a ka bùgu lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   he made a straw hut there háa a ka bùgu lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa a ka bùgu lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ until 3SG PST.TR shelter build there conj pron n v adv

sp	a nin fúlà dóo, an bɛ̀nta ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   He met with some Fulbe there a nin fúlà dóo an bɛ̀nta ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a nin fúla dóo anu bɛ̀n ta ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ 3SG and fula one 3PL meet -PST.INTR one.another with there pron conj n n pron v -mrph pron pp adv

sp	wo fúla tùgun bɔ́ɔ-len ɛɛ hírnaangɛ   he came from the West wo fúla tùgun bɔ́ɔlen ɛɛ hírnaangɛ wo fúla tùgun bɔ́ɔ len ɛɛ hírnaangɛ 2PL fula again leave -PC.RES ur ETRG.PUL pron n adv v -mrph itj n

sp

táyi a le tùgun.. táyi a bi bòri-len ɔ́ya la gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ.. ɛɛ.. Jànke Wàli Túrban la jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ   Him also, he fled from the war with Jankin Wali Turban táyi a le tùgun táyi a bi bòrilen ɔ́ya la gɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ ɛɛ Jànke Wàli Túrban la jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ táyi a le tùgun táyi a bi bòri len ɔ́ya la gɛ̀rɛ È tɔ ɛɛ Jànke Wàli Túrban la jɛ̀rɛ È tɔ DISC 3SG FOC again DISC 3SG be run -PC.RES something POSS strife -ART in ur NOM.M NOM.M NOM.CL POSS war -ART in conj pron prt adv conj pron cop v -mrph pron conj n -mrph pp itj n.prop n.prop n.prop conj n -mrph pp

sp

ɛɛ álmaami Tínbɔ k' a bìta káamin, Àlfá Yáaya nɛ̀ɛnɛ   whe he was caught by the imam of Timbo, the mother of Alfa Yaaya, ɛɛ álmaami Tínbɔ k a bìta káamin Àlfá Yáaya nɛ̀ɛnɛ ɛɛ álmaami Tínbɔ ka a bìta káamin Àlfá yáa ya nɛ̀ɛnɛ ur imam TOPON PST.TR 3SG seize when NOM.M PRF -ABST mother itj n n.prop pm pron v adv n.prop pm -mrph n

sp

ɛɛ Àlfá Yáaya nɛ̀ɛnɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ.. mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ kó Kúmanco   the mother of Alfa Yaaya, who's name is Kumanco ɛɛ Àlfá Yáaya nɛ̀ɛnɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ kó Kúmanco ɛɛ Àlfá Yáaya nɛ̀ɛnɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ mɛ́ɛ tɔ́gɔ kó Kúmanco ur NOM.M NOM.M mother REL name last.long name say NOM.F itj n.prop n.prop n pron n v n v n.prop

sp

áwà, wo le ka sábuè fɛ̀ɛ háa, a le fúla nin.. ma mántasɔrɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sáajoma Dámue   this is what created the relations between this Fulbe and our grand father Saajoma Damue áwà wo le ka sábuè fɛ̀ɛ háa a le fúla nin ma mántasɔrɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sáajoma Dámue áwà wo le ka sábu È fɛ̀ɛ háa a le fúla nin ma mántasɔrɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sáajoma Dámue well that FOC PST.TR support -ART ETRG.FR until 3SG FOC fula and 1PL ETRG.PUL REL name NOM.M NOM.CL itj pron prt pm n -mrph v conj pron n conj n n n n.prop n.prop

sp

an bɛ̀nta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara wo fúlà tɔ́gɔ le Máama Bárikinbe   they met in Poopodara, and the name of this Fulbe was Maama Barikinbe an bɛ̀nta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara wo fúlà tɔ́gɔ le Máama Bárikinbe anu bɛ̀n ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara wo fúla tɔ́gɔ le Máama Bárikinbe 3PL meet -PST.INTR TOPON that fula name FOC NOM.M NOM.F pron v -mrph n.prop pron n n prt n.prop n.prop

sp	an fìla le.. an fìla le bɛ̀nta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   the two of them met at Poopodara an fìla le an fìla le bɛ̀nta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara anu fìla le anu fìla le bɛ̀n ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara 3PL two FOC 3PL two FOC meet -PST.INTR TOPON pron num prt pron num prt v -mrph n.prop

sp	an de le ka wo hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tínbɛ   They founded this village. an de le ka wo hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tínbɛ anu le le ka wo hɔ́ɗɔ È tínbɛ 3PL FOC FOC PST.TR that village -ART found pron prt prt pm pron n -mrph v

sp

a le.. Sáajoma, a le Máama Bárikinbe, a tóo-ta Mìsíidɛ tɔ   Maama Barikinbe, he stayed in Miside. a le Sáajoma a le Máama Bárikinbe a tóota Mìsíidɛ tɔ a le Sáajoma a le Máama Bárikinbe a tóo ta Mìsíidɛ tɔ 3SG FOC NOM.M 3SG FOC NOM.M NOM.F 3SG leave -PST.INTR TOPON in pron prt n.prop pron prt n.prop n.prop pron v -mrph n.prop pp

sp	ma le.. Sáajoma Dámue, a tóota ɛɛ Rúnde tɔ   Saajuma Damue, he stayed in Runde ma le Sáajoma Dámue a tóota ɛɛ Rúnde tɔ ma le Sáajoma Dámue a tóo ta ɛɛ Rúnde tɔ 1PL FOC NOM.M NOM.CL 3SG leave -PST.INTR ur TOPON in pron prt n.prop n.prop pron v -mrph itj n.prop pp

sp

an tóo-ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa an.. an sìyata dónden dónden   they stayed there till they became numerous an tóota ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa an an sìyata dónden dónden anu tóo ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa anu anu sìya ta dónden dónden 3PL leave -PST.INTR there until 3PL 3PL be.numerous -PST.INTR little little pron v -mrph adv conj pron pron v -mrph adv adv

sp

hári Sáajoma Dámue bi bòri-len ɛɛ.. dénmusè dóo fɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fáatumata   Saajuma Daamue came there with some girl whose name was Fatumata, hári Sáajoma Dámue bi bòrilen ɛɛ dénmusè dóo fɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fáatumata hári Sáajoma Dámue bi bòri len ɛɛ dénmusu È dóo fɛ mɛ́n tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fáatumata but NOM.M NOM.CL be run -PC.RES ur girl -ART one with REL name say mother NOM.F prt n.prop n.prop cop v -mrph itj n -mrph n pp pron n v n n.prop

sp

áwà nɛ̀ɛnɛ Bárikinbe bi dɔ́gɔlen.. bi bòri-len mùséè dóo fɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Kámisa   well Maama Barikinbe came with the girl called mother Kamisa áwà nɛ̀ɛnɛ Bárikinbe bi dɔ́gɔlen bi bòrilen mùséè dóo fɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Kámisa áwà nɛ̀ɛnɛ Bárikinbe bi dɔ́gɔ len bi bòri len mùsu È dóo fɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó nɛ̀ɛnɛ Kámisa well mother NOM.F be small -PC.RES be run -PC.RES woman -ART one with REL name say mother NOM.F itj n n.prop cop adj -mrph cop v -mrph n -mrph n pp n n v n n.prop

sp

áwà, n bi kɛɛ táarikà mín fɔ́ɔ-la o yen yan de tɔ fɔ́pu ɛɛ.. n bàaba nin n nɛ̀ɛnɛ le kɛɛ.. wo táarika dín n ma, àdún an ni fàga.. àdún an ni fàga   well, the story that I tell you here, I got if from my father and my mother before their death áwà n bi kɛɛ táarikà mín fɔ́ɔla o yen yan de tɔ fɔ́pu ɛɛ n bàaba nin n nɛ̀ɛnɛ le kɛɛ wo táarika dín n ma àdún an ni fàga àdún an ni fàga áwà n bi kɛɛ táarika È mín fɔ́ɔ la o yen yan le tɔ főo ɛɛ n bàaba nin n nɛ̀ɛnɛ le kɛɛ wo táarika díi n ma àdún anu ni fàga àdún anu ni fàga well 1SG be this tale -ART REL say -GER 2PL for that FOC in UNIV ur 1SG father and 1SG mother FOC this that tale give 1SG to before 3PL OPT die before 3PL OPT die itj pron cop pron n -mrph n v -mrph pron pp pron prt pp dtm itj pron n conj pron n prt pron pron n v pron pp conj pron pm v conj pron pm v

sp	áwà ɓáyi nɔn an tága nàa.. Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   Well, when they came to Poopodara áwà ɓáyi nɔn an tága nàa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ áwà ɓáy nɔn anu tága nàa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ well as but 3PL go come TOPON there itj conj itj pron v v n.prop adv

sp

hári an ka jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀.. ɓá ma.. háa an ka Sáamɔdu.. tìbáabuènù ka Sáamɔdu fàga   They fought war until.. they.. until the colonizers killed Samodu hári an ka jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ ɓá ma háa an ka Sáamɔdu tìbáabuènù ka Sáamɔdu fàga hári anu ka jɛ̀rɛ È ɓáy ma háa anu ka Sáamɔdu tìbáabu È nù ka Sáamɔdu fàga but 3PL PST.TR war -ART as 1PL until 3PL PST.TR NOM.M white.man -ART -PL PST.TR NOM.M die prt pron pm n -mrph conj pron conj pron pm n.prop n -mrph -mrph pm n.prop v

sp	áwà, an yíltitɛ-ta álmaami Búbakar tùgun yen,   they (the white peopl) turned against the imam Bubakar áwà an yíltitɛta álmaami Búbakar tùgun yen áwà anu yíltitɛ ta álmaami Búbakar tùgun yen well 3PL ETRG.PUL -PST.INTR imam NOM.M again for itj pron v -mrph n n.prop adv pp

sp	an ka wo tùgun fàga Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ   and they killed him in Bootore. an ka wo tùgun fàga Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ anu ka wo tùgun fàga Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ 3PL PST.TR that again die TOPON pron pm pron adv v n.prop

sp	ɓáyi Pɔ́ɔrɛdaka jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ ta ɛɛ.. ta ɔ́ya   When the war of Pooredaka was.. ɓáyi Pɔ́ɔrɛdaka jɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ ta ɛɛ ta ɔ́ya ɓáy Pɔ́ɔrɛdaka jɛ̀rɛ È ta ɛɛ ta ɔ́ya as TOPON war -ART PRF ur PRF something conj n.prop n -mrph pm itj pm pron

sp	an ka wo tùgun fàga ɛɛ Ɲágara Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ   they killed him also (Bubakar Biro) in Gnagara Bootore an ka wo tùgun fàga ɛɛ Ɲágara Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ anu ka wo tùgun fàga ɛɛ Ɲágara Bɔ̀ɔtɔ́rɛ 3PL PST.TR that again die ur TOPON TOPON pron pm pron adv v itj n.prop n.prop

sp	ɓáyi an ta wo tùgun fàga,   when they killed him too, ɓáyi an ta wo tùgun fàga ɓáy anu ta wo tùgun fàga as 3PL PRF that again die conj pron pm pron adv v

sp	an an.. tígilɛn-ta Àlfá Yáaya yen   they tunted agaist Alfa Yaaya an an tígilɛnta Àlfá Yáaya yen anu anu tígilɛn ta Àlfá Yáaya yen 3PL 3PL turn -PST.INTR NOM.M NOM.M for pron pron v -mrph n.prop n.prop pp

sp

ɓáyi an ta tígilɛn Àlfá Yáaya yen, an nàata nɔn Fúuta, an k' an na mànsáyà la-sìgi   When they turned against Alfa Yaya, they came to Futa-Jallon and installed their power there. ɓáyi an ta tígilɛn Àlfá Yáaya yen an nàata nɔn Fúuta an k an na mànsáyà lasìgi ɓáy anu ta tígilɛn Àlfá Yáaya yen anu nàa ta nɔn Fúuta anu ka anu la mànsáya È la sìgi as 3PL PRF turn NOM.M NOM.M for 3PL come -PST.INTR but TOPON 3PL PST.TR 3PL POSS power -ART CAUS- sit conj pron pm v n.prop n.prop pp pron v -mrph itj n.prop pron pm pron conj n -mrph mrph- v

sp

áwà, hári ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù si ɛɛ.. kɛ́ɛ tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ mín bɔ́ɔ-len Máamu yan de tɔ kà tága háa   Our people, they would.. this road which goes from Mamu and goes till áwà hári ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù si ɛɛ kɛ́ɛ tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ mín bɔ́ɔlen Máamu yan de tɔ kà tága háa áwà hári ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù si ɛɛ kɛɛ tàrawɔ́ È mín bɔ́ɔ len Máamu yan le tɔ kà tága háa well but 1PL POSS man -ART -PL POT ur this road -ART REL leave -PC.RES TOPON that FOC in SEQ go until itj prt pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm itj pron n -mrphn v -mrph n.prop pron prt pp conj v conj

sp	háa Dábɔla, háa Kúrusa, háa Kánkan   till Dabola, till Kurusa, till Kankan háa Dábɔla háa Kúrusa háa Kánkan háa Dábɔla háa Kúrusa háa Kánkan until TOPON until TOPON until TOPON conj n.prop conj n.prop conj

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le ka wo sòyi an bólè là   Our parents they dug it with their hands. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le ka wo sòyi an bólè là ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù le ka wo sòyi anu bólo È là to POSS man -ART -PL FOC PST.TR 2PL dig 3PL arm -ART LOC pp conj n -mrph -mrph prt pm pron v pron n -mrph pp

sp	hári màsin béle   There were no machines. hári màsin béle hári màsin béle but machine COP.NEG prt n cop

sp

kɛɛ ráy wálè nɛ̀gɛ sílà mín sìgi-len yan de tɔ háa Kúrusa   The big rail, the rail road which goes there till Kurusa kɛɛ ráy wálè nɛ̀gɛ sílà mín sìgilen yan de tɔ háa Kúrusa kɛɛ ráy wálu È nɛ̀gɛ síla È mín sìgi len yan le tɔ háa Kúrusa this ETRG.FR big -ART iron ETRG.MNK -ART REL sit -PC.RES that FOC in much TOPON pron n adj -mrph n n -mrph n v -mrph pron prt pp adv n.prop

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgùn de ka wo.. wo gɔ́llɛ   Our parents worked on that. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgùn de ka wo wo gɔ́llɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù tùgu le ka wo wo gɔ́llɛ to POSS man -ART -PL pound FOC PST.TR that 2PL ETRG.PUL pp conj n -mrph -mrph v prt pm pron pron v

sp	wo tága-ta sàɲɛ́ɛ̀ mín nà, mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z   This was in 1886. wo tágata sàɲɛ́ɛ̀ mín nà mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z wo tága ta sàn È mín la mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z 2PL go -PST.INTR year -ART REL POSS ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR pron v -mrph n -mrph n conj num num num

sp	Sáajoma Dámue nàata Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   Saajoma Damue came to Poopodara. Sáajoma Dámue nàata Pɔ́ɔpɔdara Sáajoma Dámue nàa ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara NOM.M NOM.CL come -PST.INTR TOPON n.prop n.prop v -mrph n.prop

sp

mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z.. mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z a le nin Máama Bárikinbe, an bɛ̀nta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ dé ɛɛ.. Pɔ́ɔpɔdara mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z   1886 they met with Maama Barikinbe in Poopodara mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z a le nin Máama Bárikinbe an bɛ̀nta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ dé ɛɛ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z a le nin Máama Bárikinbe kinbe anu bɛ̀n ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ dé ɛɛ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR 3SG FOC and NOM.M NOM.F 3PL meet -PST.INTR there EMPH ur TOPON ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR num num num num num num pron prt conj n.prop n.prop pron v -mrph adv prt itj n.prop num num num

sp

bon ɛɛ.. gɔ́llɛ nun.. bàaba.. tàrawɔ́ nɛ̀gɛ síla tùma mɛ́n nà, ɓáyri an ta kée.. kɛɛ mín bi an dártɛ-la an ma   in the time wor railway work, when they came, the ones who attacked them, bon ɛɛ gɔ́llɛ nun bàaba tàrawɔ́ nɛ̀gɛ síla tùma mɛ́n nà ɓáyri an ta kée kɛɛ mín bi an dártɛla an ma bon ɛɛ gɔ́llɛ nun bàaba tàrawɔ́ nɛ̀gɛ síla tùma mɛ́n là ɓáyri anu ta kée kɛɛ mín bi anu dártɛ la anu ma ETRG.FR ur ETRG.PUL RETR father road iron ETRG.MNK time REL LOC because 3PL PRF arrive this REL be 3PL attack -GER 3PL to itj itj v prt n n n n n pron pp conj pron pm v pron n cop pron v -mrph pron pp

sp	an t' an.. an t' an fóo fàga   they killed them all an t an an t an fóo fàga anu kà báti anu anu báti anu főo fàga 3PL SEQ PRF 3PL 3PL PRF 3PL UNIV die pron conj pm pron pron pm prondtm v

sp	áwà ɛɛ   well.. áwà ɛɛ áwà ɛɛ well ur itj itj

sp

álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ ta fàga, Sáamɔri ta fàga, Àlfá Yáaya, an ta won fóo fàga, an n' a sìgi nɔn   imam Bubakar Biro was killed, Samori was killed, Alfa Yaa, they killed them all and they established it (their power) álmaamu Búbakar Bírɔ ta fàga Sáamɔri ta fàga Àlfá Yáaya an ta won fóo fàga an n a sìgi nɔn álmaami Búbakar Bírɔ ta fàga Sáamɔri ta fàga Àlfá Yáaya anu ta wo nù főo fàga anu ni a sìgi nɔn imam NOM.M NOM.CL PRF die NOM.M PRF die NOM.M NOM.M 3PL PRF that -PL UNIV die 3PL OPT 3SG sit but n n.prop n.prop pm v n.prop pm v n.prop n.prop pron pm pron -mrph dtm v pron pm pron v itj

sp	an ka gɔ́llɛ̀nù.. gɔ́llɛ fɔ̀rsɛ́ la-sìgi Fúuta   They introduced forced labour. an ka gɔ́llɛ̀nù gɔ́llɛ fɔ̀rsɛ́ lasìgi Fúuta anu ka gɔ́llɛ È nù gɔ́llɛ fɔ̀rsɛ́ la sìgi Fúuta 3PL PST.TR ETRG.PUL -ART -PL ETRG.PUL forced.labour CAUS- sit TOPON pron pm v -mrph -mrph v n mrph- v n.prop

sp	táwi wo.. k' a tɛ̀ren nɔn   then there was.. táwi wo k a tɛ̀ren nɔn táwi wo kà a tɛ̀ren nɔn until that SEQ 3SG find but conj pron conj pron v itj

sp

k' a tàran nɔn, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mín bi bòri-len, màninká dùgéè tɔ, kà dòn Fúuta yan de tɔ   and then our people, they fled from the Maninka land and came to Futa-Jallon. k a tàran nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mín bi bòrilen màninká dùgéè tɔ kà dòn Fúuta yan de tɔ kà a tàran nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù mín bi bòri len màninká dùgu È tɔ kà dòn Fúuta yan le tɔ SEQ 3SG find but 1PL POSS man -ART -PL REL be run -PC.RES maninka earth -ART in SEQ enter TOPON that FOC in conj pron v itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph n cop v -mrph n n -mrph pp conj v n.prop pron prt pp

sp	an bi won de wíndɛ-la, an n' a wà   They write it (their names) so that they can go. an bi won de wíndɛla an n a wà anu bi wo nù le wíndɛ la anu ni a wà 3PL be that -PL FOC write -GER 3PL OPT 3SG go pron cop pron -mrph prt v -mrph pron pm pron v

sp	kà ɛɛ.. kà.. wo gɔ́llɛnù la-dáa   and to do that work kà ɛɛ kà wo gɔ́llɛnù ladáa kà ɛɛ kà wo gɔ́llɛ nù la dáa SEQ ur SEQ that ETRG.PUL -PL CAUS- make conj itj conj pron v -mrph mrph- v

sp	háray sàn.. sàn sàba bɛ́ɛ, ɛɛ.. kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ   every three month háray sàn sàn sàba bɛ́ɛ ɛɛ kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ háray sàn sàn sàba bɛ́ɛ ɛɛ kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ so year year pull all ur moon pull all itj n n v pron itj n v pron

sp	an si mɔ̀gɔ́ɛ̀nù dóonù wíndɛ   they would write some people an si mɔ̀gɔ́ɛ̀nù dóonù wíndɛ anu si mɔ̀gɔ dóo nù wíndɛ 3PL if man one -PL write pron conj n n -mrph v

sp

jɔ́ngaldɛ̀ si wíndɛ, a la mùséènù si wíndɛ, a la déɲɛ̀nù si wíndɛ   The head of the family would be registered, his wife would be inscribed, his children would be inscribe jɔ́ngaldɛ̀ si wíndɛ a la mùséènù si wíndɛ a la déɲɛ̀nù si wíndɛ jɔ́ngaldɛ È si wíndɛ a la mu si wíndɛ a la dén È nù si wíndɛ ?ETRG -ART POT write 3SG POSS IDENT POT write 3SG POSS child -ART -PL POT write n -mrph pm v pron conj cop pm v pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm v

sp	bon.. ɛɛ an n' a wà tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ là   so that they go to work bon ɛɛ an n a wà tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ là bon ɛɛ anu ni a wà tàrawɔ́ È là ETRG.FR ur 3PL OPT 3SG CONJ road -ART LOC itj itj pron pm pron conj n -mrph pp

sp	an ni gɔ́llɛ ɲɔ́ɔ la káru.. káru sàba   and work there three months an ni gɔ́llɛ ɲɔ́ɔ la káru káru sàba anu ni gɔ́llɛ ɲɔ́ɔ la ka ka sàba 3PL OPT ETRG.PUL that POSS PST.TR PST.TR three pron pm v pron conj pm pm num

sp

a le n a la mùséè, a la déɲɛ̀, an ni nàa   He and his wife and his child, they would go. a le n a la mùséè a la déɲɛ̀ an ni nàa a le nin a la mùsu È a la dén È anu ni nàa 3SG FOC and 3SG POSS woman -ART 3SG POSS child -ART 3PL OPT come pron prt conj pron conj n -mrph pron conj n -mrph pron pm v

sp

an máni nàa tún, an n' a tàran, dóonù tùgun t' a wíndɛ, wonù tùgun n' a wà   When they come, it would be that they would enscribe other people and these would go also. an máni nàa tún an n a tàran dóonù tùgun t a wíndɛ wonù tùgun n a wà anu máni nàa tún anu ni a tàran dóo nù tùgun báti a wíndɛ wo nù tùgun ni a wà 3PL COND come only 3PL OPT 3SG find one -PL again PRF 3SG write that -PL again OPT 3SG CONJ pron pm v prt pron pm pron v n -mrph adv pm pron v pron -mrph adv pm pron conj

sp	hári wo le k' a máa háa   and so it became that hári wo le k a máa háa hári wo le ka a máa háa but that FOC PST.TR 3SG do until prt pron prt pm pron v conj

sp

áwà, ɓáyi an ta dòn yan nà nɔn, táyi k' a tàran, an tí nɔ́n fúlà kúlè là   Well, whey they came there, it was that they couldn't speak Pular. áwà ɓáyi an ta dòn yan nà nɔn táyi k a tàran an tí nɔ́n fúlà kúlè là áwà ɓáy anu ta dòn yan là nɔn táyi kà a tàran anu tí nɔ́n fúla kúlu È là là well as 3PL PRF enter that LOC but DISC SEQ 3SG find 3PL NEG.POT can fula voice -ART LOC itj conj pron pm v pron pp itj conj conj pron v pron pm v n n -mrph pp

sp

an t' a ɲìninká.. an t' a ɲìnan màninká.. màninká fɔ́ɔ-la   They had forgotten the Maninka language an t a ɲìninká an t a ɲìnan màninká màninká fɔ́ɔla anu báti a ɲìninká anu báti a ɲìnan màninká màninká fɔ́ɔ la 3PL PRF 3SG ask 3PL PRF 3SG forget maninka maninka say -GER pron pm pron n pron pm pron v n n v -mrph

sp	wo le k' a máa háa ɛɛ kɛɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔ-ta   That's how kakabe appeared. wo le k a máa háa ɛɛ kɛɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔta wo le ka a máa háa ɛɛ kɛɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔ ta 2PL FOC PST.TR 3SG do until ur this kakkabe leave -PST.INTR pron prt pm pron v conj itj pron n v -mrph

sp

táyi k' a tàran, an tí fúlà kúlè fɔ́ɔ, an tí màninká fɔ́ɔ   because they didn't speak Pular, they didn't speak Maninka táyi k a tàran an tí fúlà kúlè fɔ́ɔ an tí màninká fɔ́ɔ táyi ka a tàran anu tí fúla kúlu È fɔ́ɔ anu tí màninká fɔ́ɔ DISC PST.TR 3SG find 3PL NEG.POT fula voice -ART say 3PL NEG.POT maninka say conj pm pron v pron pm n n -mrph v pron pm n v

sp

áwà, an de tùgun, an jɛ̀rɛ-ta fóo a háa kɛɛ kúmà bɔ́ɔ-ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   they again, they did everything to create this language áwà an de tùgun an jɛ̀rɛta fóo a háa kɛɛ kúmà bɔ́ɔta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ áwà anu le tùgun anu jɛ̀rɛ ta főo a háa kɛɛ kúma È bɔ́ɔ ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ well 3PL FOC again 3PL war -PST.INTR UNIV 3SG much this speech -ART leave -PST.INTR there itj pron prt adv pron n -mrph dtm pron adv pron n -mrph v -mrph adv

sp

n de.. kɛ táarikà mín n bi.. fɔ́ɔ-la, mín n fɔ́ɔ-la o yen yan de tɔ   this story that I'm telling you here n de kɛ táarikà mín n bi fɔ́ɔla mín n fɔ́ɔla o yen yan de tɔ n le kɛɛ táarika È mín n bi fɔ́ɔ la mín n fɔ́ɔ la o yen yan le tɔ 1SG FOC this tale -ART REL 1SG be say -GER REL 1SG say -GER 2PL for that FOC in pron prt pron n -mrph n pron cop v -mrph n pron v -mrph pron pp pron prt pp

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù fɔ́pu ɛɛ.. búyi fàga-ta le   A lot of our people died ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù fɔ́pu ɛɛ búyi fàgata le ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù főo ɛɛ búyi fàga ta le 1PL POSS man -ART -PL UNIV ur much die -PST.INTR FOC pron conj n -mrph -mrph dtm itj adj v -mrph prt

sp

búyi fàga-ta le, a le gɔ́llɛ̀nù, a le.. a le gɔ́llɛ̀nù tɔ   A lot of them died in these works búyi fàgata le a le gɔ́llɛ̀nù a le a le gɔ́llɛ̀nù tɔ búyi fàga ta le a le gɔ́llɛ a le a le gɔ́llɛ tɔ much die -PST.INTR FOC 3SG FOC ETRG.PUL 3SG FOC 3SG FOC ETRG.PUL in adj v -mrph prt pron prt v pron prt pron prt v pp

sp	tɛ̀ntɛní nɛ̀gɛ sílà la-sìgi kóè   Especially because of making the railway. tɛ̀ntɛní nɛ̀gɛ sílà lasìgi kóè tɛ̀ntɛní nɛ̀gɛ síla È la sìgi kóo È especially iron ETRG.MNK -ART CAUS- sit thing -ART adv n n -mrph mrph- v n -mrph

sp

n nɛ̀ɛnɛ k' a fɔ́ɔ ɲɲe nun yan de tɔ Máamun ɗóo háa ɛɛ.. Ɲɛ́nuya.. Sàramúsaya dùgéè tɔ   my mother told me that from Mamu until Gnenuya, Saramusaya land n nɛ̀ɛnɛ k a fɔ́ɔ ɲɲe nun yan de tɔ Máamun ɗóo háa ɛɛ Ɲɛ́nuya Sàramúsaya dùgéè tɔ n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ka a fɔ́ɔ n yen nun yan le tɔ Máamu ɗóo háa ɛɛ Ɲɛ́nuya Sàramúsaya dùgu È tɔ 1SG mother PST.TR 3SG say 1SG for RETR that FOC in TOPON ETRG.PUL much ur TOPON TOPON earth -ART in pron n pm pron v pron pp prt pron prt pp n.prop adv adv itj n.prop n.prop n -mrph pp

sp

ɛɛ an de le ka.. an de le ka.. ɛɛ wo tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ jàsin an bólè là, an de nin n bàaba   She dug this road with her hands, she and here father. ɛɛ an de le ka an de le ka ɛɛ wo tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ jàsin an bólè là an de nin n bàaba ɛɛ anu le le ka anu le le ka ɛɛ wo ta jàsin anu bólo È là anu le nin n bàaba ur 3PL FOC FOC PST.TR 3PL FOC FOC PST.TR ur that PRF dig 3PL arm -ART LOC 3PL FOC and 1SG father itj pron prt prt pm pron prt prt pm itj pron pm v pron n -mrph pp pron prt conj pron n

sp	bon ɛɛ.. kà bɔ́ɔ Gɔ́ngɔrɛ̀ tùgun kà nàa Tínbɔ   from Gongore to Timbo bon ɛɛ kà bɔ́ɔ Gɔ́ngɔrɛ̀ tùgun kà nàa Tínbɔ bon ɛɛ kà bɔ́ɔ Gɔ́ngɔrɛ tùgɛn kà nàa Tínbɔ ETRG.FR ur SEQ leave TOPON seedbed SEQ come TOPON itj itj conj v n.prop n conj v n.prop

sp

an de le ka wo tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ tùgun jàsin an bólè là   It's them who dug that road with their own hands. an de le ka wo tàrawɔ́ɛ̀ tùgun jàsin an bólè là anu le le ka wo tàrawɔ́ È tùgun jàsin anu bólo È là 3PL FOC FOC PST.TR that road -ART again dig 3PL arm -ART LOC pron prt prt pm pron n -mrph adv v pron n -mrph pp

sp	bon ɛɛ háa a dòni.. háa ɔn tùma   till that time bon ɛɛ háa a dòni háa ɔn tùma bon ɛɛ háa a dòni háa ɔn tùma ETRG.FR ur much 3SG transport until DISC itj itj adv pron v conj

sp

Sáajoma.. Sáajoma Dámuè tùgun, ɓáyi a ta tóo Pɔ́ɔpɔdara, a ka dóo sɔ̀tɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sàati Úsa   As for Saajuma Damue, he stayed in Poopodara and he got a boy called Sati Usa Sáajoma Sáajoma Dámuè tùgun ɓáyi a ta tóo Pɔ́ɔpɔdara a ka dóo sɔ̀tɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sàati Úsa Sáajoma Sáajoma Dámue tùgun ɓáy a ta tóo Pɔ́ɔpɔdara a ka dóo sɔ̀tɔ mín tɔ́gɔ Sàati Úsa NOM.M NOM.M NOM.CL again as 3SG PRF leave TOPON 3SG PST.TR one get REL name NOM.M NOM.M n.prop n.prop n.prop adv conj pron pm v n.prop pron pm n v n n n.prop n.prop

sp

bon wo tùma fɔ́pu hári ɛɛ tàrawɔ́ɛ̀nù bi.. ɛɛ. jàsin-na, tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bi   that time, there was forced labour. bon wo tùma fɔ́pu hári ɛɛ tàrawɔ́ɛ̀nù bi ɛɛ jàsinna tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bi bon wo tùma főo hári ɛɛ tàrawɔ́ È nù bi ɛɛ jàsin la tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bi ETRG.FR that time UNIV but ur road -ART -PL be ur dig -GER ETRG.FR forced.labour be itj pron n dtm prt itj n -mrph -mrph cop itj v -mrph n n cop

sp

bon Sàati Úsa tùgun, ɓáyi wo a dɔ́gɔ tùgun ni fàga, hári a tá Sàatigi Háadi sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   Well, Saati Usa died when he was little, and he gave birth to Saatigi Hadi bon Sàati Úsa tùgun ɓáyi wo a dɔ́gɔ tùgun ni fàga hári a tá Sàatigi Háadi sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ bon Sàati Úsa tùgun ɓáy wo a dɔ́gɔ tùgun ni fàga hári a ta Sàatigi Háadi sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ETRG.FR NOM.M NOM.M come as that 3SG small again OPT die but 3SG PRF NOM.M NOM.M get TOPON there itj n.prop n.prop v conj pron pron adj adv pm v prt pron pm n.prop n.prop v n.prop adv

sp

Sàatigi Háadi tùgun, a dún, a ni fàga, hári a ta.. n de nin ɛɛ n kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɛ́ɛ̀ a ta ma sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   And Saatigi Hadi, he died, me and my elder brother, she gave birth to us in Poopodara. Sàatigi Háadi tùgun a dún a ni fàga hári a ta n de nin ɛɛ n kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɛ́ɛ̀ a ta ma sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara Sàatigi Háadi tùgun a dún a ni fàga hári a ta n le nin ɛɛ n kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɔ È a ta ma sɔ̀tɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara NOM.M NOM.M again 3SG so 3SG OPT die but 3SG PRF 1SG FOC and ur 1SG brother baby -ART 3SG PRF to get TOPON n.prop n.prop adv pron part pron pm v prt pron pm pron prt conj itj pron n n -mrph pron pm pp v n.prop

sp

kɔ̀nɔ kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɛ́ɛ̀, wo ta fàga, n de tún de tóo-len   But my elder brother, he died, and it was only me who was left. kɔ̀nɔ kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɛ́ɛ̀ wo ta fàga n de tún de tóolen kɔ̀nɔ kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɔ È wo ta fàga n le tún le tóo len but old baby -ART that PRF die 1SG FOC only FOC leave -PC.RES conj adj n -mrph pron pm v pron prt prt prt v -mrph

sp	yan de tɔ bi.. ma báta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ɛɛ mín kàran-den   The one who studied yan de tɔ bi ma báta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ɛɛ mín kàranden yan le tɔ bi ma báta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ɛɛ mín kàran len that FOC in be 1PL at there ur REL study -PC.RES pron prt pp cop pron n.loc adv itj n v -mrph

sp	kɔ̀tɔ bɔ́ɔbɛ̀ fàgata   The first child died kɔ̀tɔ bɔ́ɔbɛ̀ fàgata kɔ̀tɔ bɔ̀ɔbɔ È fàga ta brother baby -ART die -PST.INTR n n -mrph v -mrph

sp	ɛɛ.. sɛ́run kɔ le   last year ɛɛ sɛ́run kɔ le ɛɛ sɛ́run kɔ le ur last.year behind FOC itj adv pp prt

sp

hári wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi sɔ̀fɛ́rɛya le bìta-len, n de.. n kàran ɛɛ.. n dòn-ta lɛ́kɔlɛ̀ tɔ   He was a driver, and me, I studied at hári wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi sɔ̀fɛ́rɛya le bìtalen n de n kàran ɛɛ n dònta lɛ́kɔlɛ̀ tɔ hári wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi sɔ̀fɛ́rɛ ya le bìta len n le n kàran ɛɛ n dòn ta le tɔ but that that be driver -ABST FOC seize -PC.RES 1SG FOC 1SG louse ur 1SG enter -PST.INTR FOC in prt pron pron cop n -mrph prt v -mrph pron prt pron n itj pron v -mrph prt pp

sp

áwà kɛɛ.. kɛɛ.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nàâ kóè ɛɛ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa kɛɛ kúmà bɔ́ɔta   The arrival of our people and the appearance of this language áwà kɛɛ kɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nàâ kóè ɛɛ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa kɛɛ kúmà bɔ́ɔta áwà kɛɛ kɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù nàa È kóo È ɛɛ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa kɛɛ kúma È bɔ́ɔ ta well this this 1PL POSS man -ART -PL come -ART thing -ART ur TOPON there until this speech -ART leave -PST.INTR itj pron pron pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph n -mrph itj n.prop adv conj pron n -mrph v -mrph

sp

áwà wo le bi.. wo le k' a máa n ka wo fɔ́ɔ wo yen   That's how it is that I'm teling it to you. áwà wo le bi wo le k a máa n ka wo fɔ́ɔ wo yen áwà wo le bi wo le ka a máa n ka wo fɔ́ɔ wo yen well 2PL FOC be 2PL FOC PST.TR 3SG do 1SG PST.TR that say 2PL for itj pron prt cop pron prt pm pron v pron pm pron v pron pp

sp

áwà, a le táarikà nɔn, n ka wo sɔ̀tɔ.. n ka wo ma-sɔ̀tɔ, n nɛ̀ɛnɛ de bólo, àdún an ni fàga   Well, this story I got it from my mother before she died áwà a le táarikà nɔn n ka wo sɔ̀tɔ n ka wo masɔ̀tɔ n nɛ̀ɛnɛ de bólo àdún an ni fàga áwà a le táarika È nɔn n ka wo sɔ̀tɔ n ka wo ma sɔ̀tɔ n nɛ̀ɛnɛ le bólo àdún anu ni fàga well 3SG FOC tale -ART but 1SG PST.TR that get 1SG PST.TR that VERB.PL- get 1SG mother FOC arm before 3PL OPT die itj pron prt n -mrph itj pron pm pron v pron pm pron mrph- v pron n prt n conj pron pm v

sp	ɛɛ mhm.. n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ni fàga, nin n bàaba   My mother died and my father died. ɛɛ mhm n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ni fàga nin n bàaba ɛɛ mhm n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ni fàga nin n bàaba ur yes 1SG mother OPT die and 1SG father itj itj pron n pm v conj pron n

sp

áwà, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nɔn láncanden Gɔ́ngɔrɛ búyi búyi búyi   Our people are dispersed all over Gongore. áwà ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nɔn láncanden Gɔ́ngɔrɛ búyi búyi búyi áwà ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù nɔn láncan len Gɔ́ngɔrɛ búyi búyi búyi well 1PL POSS man -ART -PL but spill -PC.RES TOPON much much much itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph itj v -mrph n.prop adj adj adj

sp

ɓáyi dóonù bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara, won máa an tɔ́gɛ̀ sánsɛ, an máa an na kúlè sánsɛ   There are those in Poopodara who didn't change their name ɓáyi dóonù bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara won máa an tɔ́gɛ̀ sánsɛ an máa an na kúlè sánsɛ ɓáy dóo nù bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara wo nù máa anu tɔ́gɔ È sánsɛ anu máa anu la kúlu È sánsɛ as one -PL be TOPON that -PL NEG.COP 3PL name -ART ETRG.FR 3PL NEG.COP 3PL POSS voice -ART ETRG.FR conj n -mrph cop n.prop pron -mrph cop pron n -mrph v pron cop pron conj n -mrph v

sp	dóonù bi Bɛ́sɛkɔ   Others are in Beseko. dóonù bi Bɛ́sɛkɔ dóo nù bi Bɛ́sɛkɔ one -PL be TOPON n -mrph cop n.prop

sp	dóonù bi.. dóonù bi.. Bàadí   Others are in Baadi. dóonù bi dóonù bi Bàadí dóo nù bi dóo nù bi Bàadí one -PL be one -PL be TOPON n -mrph cop n -mrph cop n.prop

sp

dóonù bi Kúrupanpa dóonù bi Kúruhɔllandɛ, dóonù bi Hɔ́llandɛfugu   Others are in Kurupanba, in Kuruhollande, in Hollandefugu. dóonù bi Kúrupanpa dóonù bi Kúruhɔllandɛ dóonù bi Hɔ́llandɛfugu dóo nù bi Kúrupanpa do bi Kúruhɔllandɛ dóo nù bi Hɔ́llandɛfugu one -PL be TOPON FOC.do be TOPON one -PL be TOPON n -mrph cop n.prop prt cop n.prop n -mrph cop n.prop

sp	dóonù bi Dɔ́ndɛ.. Dɔ́ndɛ Bánba   dóonù bi Dɔ́ndɛ Dɔ́ndɛ Bánba do bi Dɔ́ndɛ Dɔ́ndɛ bánba FOC.do be TOPON TOPON big prt cop n.prop n.prop adj

sp

ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden wonù fóo kɔ̀nɔ an ta won' fów máa hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔnù là, hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔnù là,   Our people are dispersed in all those places but they transformed all these places into villages ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden wonù fóo kɔ̀nɔ an ta won fów máa hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔnù là hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔnù là ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù láncan len wo nù főo kɔ̀nɔ anu ta wo nù főo máa hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔ nù la hɔ́ɗɔ hɔ́ɗɔ nù là to POSS man -ART -PL spill -PC.RES that -PL UNIV but 3PL PRF that -PL UNIV do village village -PL POSS village village -PL LOC pp conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron -mrph dtm conj pron pm pron -mrph dtm v n n -mrph conj n n -mrph pp

sp

áwà mínnù bi.. mínnù.. dóonù máa anù tɔ́gɛ̀nù sánsɛ   Those that didn't change their names, áwà mínnù bi mínnù dóonù máa anù tɔ́gɛ̀nù sánsɛ áwà mín nù bi mín nù dóo nù máa anu tɔ́gɔ È nù sánsɛ well REL -PL be REL -PL one -PL NEG.COP 3PL name -ART -PL ETRG.FR itj n -mrph cop n -mrph n -mrph cop pron n -mrph -mrph v

sp	dóonù háa yan tùma   They are still there. dóonù háa yan tùma dóo nù háa yan tùma one -PL until that time n -mrph conj pron

sp	an bi.. an ka.. an bi ma la kúmà le fɔ́ɔ-la   They speak our language an bi an ka an bi ma la kúmà le fɔ́ɔla anu bi anu ka anu bi ma la kúma È le fɔ́ɔ la 3PL be 3PL PST.TR 3PL be 1PL POSS speech -ART FOC say -GER pron cop pron pm pron cop pron conj n -mrph prt v -mrph

sp

ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgun nɔn láncanden háa Ɲágara tùgun ɲɔ́ɔ là   Our people are distributed there till Gnagara.n ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgun nɔn láncanden háa Ɲágara tùgun ɲɔ́ɔ là ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù tùgun nɔn láncan len háa Ɲágara tùgun ɲɔ́ɔ là 1PL POSS man -ART -PL again but spill -PC.RES until TOPON again that LOC pron conj n -mrph -mrph adv itj v -mrph conj n.prop adv pron

sp	Búnduwosi, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là   Bunduwosi, our people are there. Búnduwosi ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là Búnduwosi ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là TOPON 1PL POSS man -ART -PL be that LOC n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron pp

sp	ɛɛ.. Lɛ́ytɔka, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là   There are our people in Leytoka. ɛɛ Lɛ́ytɔka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là ɛɛ Lɛ́ytɔka ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là ur TOPON to POSS man -ART -PL be that LOC itj n.prop pp conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron pp

sp	ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là   There are our people in Koobilato. ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là ur TOPON 1PL POSS man -ART -PL be that LOC itj n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron pp

sp	háa Mɛ́sɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là   There are our people until Meso. háa Mɛ́sɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là háa Mɛ́sɔ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là much TOPON 1PL POSS man -ART -PL be that LOC adv n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron pp

sp

ma la kúmà le tún bi fɔ́ɔ-la wo kúmà.. wo dùgéènù tɔ   Only our language is spoken in those lands. ma la kúmà le tún bi fɔ́ɔla wo kúmà wo dùgéènù tɔ ma la kúma È le tún bi fɔ́ɔ la wo kúma È wo dùgu È nù tɔ to POSS speech -ART FOC only be say -GER that speech -ART that earth -ART -PL in pp conj n -mrph prt prt cop v -mrph pron n -mrph pron n -mrph -mrph pp

sp

ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden won fóo tɔ, Mɛ́sɔ, Tɛ́gɛrɛya dùgéè le   Our people are all over there, in Meso, in the land of Tegereya. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden won fóo tɔ Mɛ́sɔ Tɛ́gɛrɛya dùgéè le ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù láncan len wo nù főo tɔ Mɛ́sɔ Tɛ́gɛrɛya dùgu È le to POSS man -ART -PL spill -PC.RES that -PL UNIV in TOPON TOPON earth -ART FOC pp conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron -mrph dtm pp n.prop n.prop n -mrph prt

sp	ɛɛ Búnduwosi Ɲágara le   And Bunduwosi is in Gnagara. ɛɛ Búnduwosi Ɲágara le ɛɛ Búnduwosi Ɲágara le ur TOPON TOPON FOC itj n.prop n.prop prt

sp	ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ Ɲágara le   Koobilato is in Gnagara. ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ Ɲágara le ɛɛ Kɔ́ɔbilatɔ Ɲágara le ur TOPON TOPON FOC itj n.prop n.prop prt

sp	Ɲágara.. Ɲágara tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ tùgun   It is close to Gangara. Ɲágara Ɲágara tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ tùgun Ɲágara Ɲágara tɔ̀gɔ́fɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ tùgun TOPON TOPON near there again n.prop n.prop pp adv adv

sp

ɛɛ Káliya, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù sìyata   Kaliya, there are our people, our people are numerous. ɛɛ Káliya ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù sìyata ɛɛ Káliya ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù le bi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù sìya ta ur TOPON 1PL POSS man -ART -PL FOC be there 1PL POSS man -ART -PL be.numerous -PST.INTR itj n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph prt cop adv pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph

sp

sìya-len Máamu, Tɛ́gɛrɛya a nin Gɔ́ngɔrɛ, háa ɛɛ.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden an tɔ   They are numerous in Mamu, Tegereya and Gongore, our people are distributed there. sìyalen Máamu Tɛ́gɛrɛya a nin Gɔ́ngɔrɛ háa ɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù láncanden an tɔ sìya len Máamu Tɛ́gɛrɛya a nin Gɔ́ngɔrɛ háa ɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù láncan len anu tɔ be.numerous -PC.RES TOPON TOPON 3SG and TOPON much ur 1PL POSS man -ART -PL spill -PC.RES 3PL in v -mrph n.prop n.prop pron conj n.prop adv itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron pp

sp

áwà n de.. ɛɛ. n ka.. n bi kɛɛ mín fɔ́ɔ-la yan de tɔ   Well, that what, I'm saying here, áwà n de ɛɛ n ka n bi kɛɛ mín fɔ́ɔla yan de tɔ áwà n le ɛɛ n ka n bi kɛɛ mín fɔ́ɔ la yan le tɔ well 1SG FOC ur 1SG PST.TR 1SG be this REL say -GER that FOC in itj pron prt itj pron pm pron cop pron n v -mrph pron prt pp

sp	ma ka kɛɛ ma-sɔ̀tɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bólo   We heared it from our parents. ma ka kɛɛ masɔ̀tɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bólo ma ka kɛɛ ma sɔ̀tɔ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù le bólo to PST.TR this VERB.PL- get 1PL POSS man -ART -PL FOC arm pp pm pron mrph- v pron conj n -mrph -mrph prt n

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bólo   from our parents ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bólo ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù le bólo to POSS man -ART -PL FOC arm pp conj n -mrph -mrph prt n

sp

ɛɛ.. ɓáyri.. n nɛ̀ɛnɛ, n nɛ̀ɛnɛ fàga-len ɛɛ sɛ́run kɔ le   My mother is dead two years ago. ɛɛ ɓáyri n nɛ̀ɛnɛ n nɛ̀ɛnɛ fàgalen ɛɛ sɛ́run kɔ le ɛɛ ɓáyri n nɛ̀ɛnɛ n nɛ̀ɛnɛ fàga len ɛɛ sɛ́run kɔ le ur because 1SG mother 1SG mother die -PC.RES ur last.year behind FOC itj conj pron n pron n v -mrph itj adv pp prt

sp

kɔ̀nɔ an ka kɛ̀mɛ.. an ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn bí náani sɔ̀tɔ nun   She was 104 years old. kɔ̀nɔ an ka kɛ̀mɛ an ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn bí náani sɔ̀tɔ nun kɔ̀nɔ anu ka kɛɛ anu ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn bi náani sɔ̀tɔ nun but 3PL PST.TR this 3PL PST.TR year hundred 3SG and year be four get RETR conj pron pm pron pron pm n num pron conj n cop num v prt

sp

ɛɛ.. tìbáabu kóè, tìbáabuènù dún tùma k' a tàran, an ta kɔ́lɔya, an ta jɔ́nbɛ   In the time of colonizers she grew up and married. ɛɛ tìbáabu kóè tìbáabuènù dún tùma k a tàran an ta kɔ́lɔya an ta jɔ́nbɛ ɛɛ tìbáabu kóo È tìbáabu È nù dún tùma kà a tàran anu ta kɔ anu ta jɔ́nbɛ ur white.man thing -ART white.man -ART -PL so time SEQ 3SG find 3PL PRF behind 3PL PRF get.married itj n n -mrph n -mrph -mrph part n conj pron v pron pm pp pron pm v

sp

bon, an jɔ́nbɛta bùtun ɛɛ Tɔ̀ɔkáli, Ɲágara dùgéè tɔ   First she got married in Tookali, in the land of Gnagara. bon an jɔ́nbɛta bùtun ɛɛ Tɔ̀ɔkáli Ɲágara dùgéè tɔ bon anu jɔ́nbɛ ta bùtun ɛɛ Tɔ̀ɔkáli Ɲágara dùgu È tɔ ETRG.FR 3PL get.married -PST.INTR first ur TOPON TOPON earth -ART in itj pron v -mrph adv itj n.prop n.prop n -mrph pp

sp

bon, an bɔ́ɔta ɲɔ́ɔ là, an bɔ́ɔta ɲɔ́ɔ là, an jɔ́nbɛta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   Then she left there and the she got married in Poopodara. bon an bɔ́ɔta ɲɔ́ɔ là an bɔ́ɔta ɲɔ́ɔ là an jɔ́nbɛta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara bon anu bɔ́ɔ ta ɲɔ́ɔ là anu bɔ́ɔ ta ɲɔ́ɔ là anu jɔ́nbɛ ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ETRG.FR 3PL leave -PST.INTR that LOC 3PL leave -PST.INTR that LOC 3PL get.married -PST.INTR TOPON itj pron v -mrph pron pp pron v -mrph pron pp pron v -mrph n.prop

sp	an jɔ́nbɛta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara, n bàaba báta   She got married in Poopodara, she entered the family of my father. an jɔ́nbɛta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara n bàaba báta anu jɔ́nbɛ ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara n bàaba báta 3PL get.married -PST.INTR TOPON 1SG father at pron v -mrph n.prop pron n n.loc

sp

ílà.. ílà won tùma nɔn háa yan.. háa n de tùgun bàaba fàgata k' an tóo ɲɔ́ɔ là   from that time till now... till the time when my father died and left here there alone. ílà ílà won tùma nɔn háa yan háa n de tùgun bàaba fàgata k an tóo ɲɔ́ɔ là ílà ílà wo nù tùma nɔn háa yan háa n le tùgun bàaba fàga ta kà anu tóo ɲɔ́ɔ là since since that -PL time but until that until 1SG FOC again father die -PST.INTR SEQ 3PL leave that LOC conj conj pron -mrph n itj conj pron conj prt adv n v -mrph conj pron v pron pp

sp	háray ɛɛ.. ma bi an bólo   We were with her. háray ɛɛ ma bi an bólo háray ɛɛ ma bi anu bólo so ur 1PL be 3PL arm itj itj pron cop pron n

sp	ma bi an bólo, an bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le   We were with her, and she was in Poopodara. ma bi an bólo an bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le ma bi anu bólo anu bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le to be 3PL arm 3PL be TOPON FOC pp cop pron n pron cop n.prop prt

sp	an ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn náani sɔ̀tɔ nun   She was 104 years. an ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn náani sɔ̀tɔ nun anu ka sàn kɛ̀mɛ a nin sàn náani sɔ̀tɔ nun 3PL PST.TR year hundred 3SG and year four get RETR pron pm n num pron conj n num v prt

sp	áwà ɛɛ.. kɔ̀nɔ nɔn   Well, but áwà ɛɛ kɔ̀nɔ nɔn áwà ɛɛ kɔ̀nɔ nɔn well ur but but itj itj conj itj

sp	an ma tánpɛ, ɓáyri álla máa an tánpinɛ   She didn't suffer, because God didn't make her suffer an ma tánpɛ ɓáyri álla máa an tánpinɛ anu ma tánpɛ ɓáyri álla máa anu tánpinɛ 3PL to ETRG.PUL because God NEG.COP 3PL ETRG.PUL pron pp v conj n cop pron v

sp

an de nin n bàaba, an yángi-ta ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ nun, an ka sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ kɛ́ɛ, an ka.. ɛɛ fúla wálè kɛ́ɛ   She and my father, they suffered together, the worked in the field, they did work for the Fulbe. an de nin n bàaba an yángita ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ nun an ka sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ kɛ́ɛ an ka ɛɛ fúla wálè kɛ́ɛ anu le nin n bàaba anu yángi ta ɲɔ́gɔn fɛ nun anu ka sɛ̀nɛ È kɛ́ɛ anu ka ɛɛ fúla wáli È kɛ́ɛ 3PL FOC and 1SG father 3PL suffer -PST.INTR one.another with RETR 3PL PST.TR field -ART do 3PL PST.TR ur fula work -ART do pron prt conj pron n pron v -mrph pron pp prt pron pm n -mrph v pron pm itj n n -mrph v

sp	áwà, hári ɔ́n tùma ɛɛ fúlà wálè bi   At that time there was the work for the Fulbe. áwà hári ɔ́n tùma ɛɛ fúlà wálè bi áwà hári ɔ́n tùma ɛɛ fúla wáli È bi bi well but ETRG.PUL time ur fula work -ART be itj prt pron n itj n v -mrph cop

sp

fúlà wálè, i bi tága-la le, i ni wáli i la fúla yen   You would go, and you work for your Fulbe. fúlà wálè i bi tágala le i ni wáli i la fúla yen fúla wáli È i bi tága la le i i ni wáli wáli si la fúla yen yen fula work -ART 2SG be go -GER FOC 2SG OPT work if POSS fula for n n -mrph pron cop v -mrph prt pron pm v conj conj n pp

sp

ɓáyi hári ɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrilen de kà nàa kà dòn Fúuta yan de tɔ, kà fúlànù tàran yan de tɔ   When our people came here to Fuuta-Jallon and met Fulbe there, ɓáyi hári ɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrilen de kà nàa kà dòn Fúuta yan de tɔ kà fúlànù tàran yan de tɔ ɓáy hári ɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bòri len le kà nàa kà dòn Fúuta yan le tɔ kà fúla È nù tàran yan le tɔ as but ur 1PL POSS man -ART -PL run -PC.RES FOC SEQ come SEQ enter TOPON that FOC in SEQ fula -ART -PL find that FOC in conj prt itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph prt conj v conj v n.prop pron prt pp conj n -mrph -mrph v pron prt pp

sp	bon hári fó an n' a wà Fúlanù báta   They had to go Fulbe. bon hári fó an n a wà Fúlanù báta bon hári fó anu ni a wà fúla nù báta ETRG.FR but one.needs.to 3PL OPT 3SG go fula -PL at itj prt conj pron pm pron v n -mrph n.loc

sp

an n' a fɔ́ɔ fúlànù yen, an ni an sínga, an si kérè.. an si sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ kɛɛ káamin   they told to fulbe they they sould lend them land were to work. an n a fɔ́ɔ fúlànù yen an ni an sínga an si kérè an si sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ kɛɛ káamin anu ni a fɔ́ɔ fúla yen anu ni anu sínga anu si kéri È anu si sɛ̀nɛ È kɛɛ káamin 3PL OPT 3SG say fula for 3PL OPT 3PL lend 3PL if hoe -ART 3PL POT field -ART this when pron pm pron v n pp pron pm pron v pron conj n -mrph pron pm n -mrph pron adv

sp	fúlànù nun ni anu sínga an máni wo sɔ́ɲɛ..   Fulbe would lend them, and when they would collect the harvest, fúlànù nun ni anu sínga an máni wo sɔ́ɲɛ fúla nun ni anu sínga anu máni wo sɔ́ɲɛ fula RETR OPT 3PL lend 3PL COND that harvest n prt pm pron v pron pm pron n

sp

an ni.. a fɛ̀ccɛ́rɛ̀ tàa k' a dín a la Fúlà ma   they would take a half and give it to their Fulbe. an ni a fɛ̀ccɛ́rɛ̀ tàa k a dín a la Fúlà ma anu ni a fɛ̀kkɛ́rɛ È tàa ka a díi a la fúla È ma 3PL OPT 3SG half -ART take PST.TR 3SG give 3SG POSS fula -ART to pron pm pron n -mrph v pm pron v pron conj n -mrph pp

sp

káa a la fúla n' a fɔ́ɔ a le le bi an géyilen, a le le bi a la sɛ̀nɛɛ̀nù géyilen   His Fulbe would say that it's him the owner, it's him the owner of the fields. káa a la fúla n a fɔ́ɔ a le le bi an géyilen a le le bi a la sɛ̀nɛɛ̀nù géyilen káa a la fúla ni a fɔ́ɔ a le le bi anu géyi len a le le bi a la sɛ̀nɛ È nù géyi len this.way 3SG POSS fula OPT 3SG say 3SG FOC FOC be 3PL own -PC.RES 3SG FOC FOC be 3SG POSS field -ART -PL own -PC.RES adv pron conj n pm pron v pron prt prt cop pron v -mrph pron prt prt cop pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph

sp	ɛɛ fúlànù tùgun sàn.. ɛɛ fáyida   Well, Fulbe... ɛɛ fúlànù tùgun sàn ɛɛ fáyida ɛɛ fúla tùgɛn sàn ɛɛ fàhín ur fula seedbed year ur DISC itj n n n itj part

sp	ɛɛ sàn.. kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ   every three months ɛɛ sàn kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ ɛɛ sàn kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ ur year moon three all itj n n num pron

sp	an si.. an si an ƴántɛ   They would collect it. an si an si an ƴántɛ anu si anu si anu ƴántɛ 3PL POT 3PL POT 3PL ETRG.PUL pron pm pron pm pron v

sp

ɔ́ya.. jɔ́ngallɛ bɛ́ɛ si.. ɔ́ya dóni, dúutè dòni   That every head of the family should give his the tax. ɔ́ya jɔ́ngallɛ bɛ́ɛ si ɔ́ya dóni dúutè dòni ɔ́ya jɔ́ngallɛ bɛ́ɛ si ɔ́ya do dúuti È dòni something head.of.the.family all POT something FOC.do ETRG.PUL -ART transport pron n pron pm pron prt n -mrph v

sp

a ni.. a ni ɔ́ya.. bɔ́ɔfɛ̀ sìise.. sìiséè dòni dònton báànù   that they should give the eggs and a big hen. a ni a ni ɔ́ya bɔ́ɔfɛ̀ sìise sìiséè dòni dònton báànù a ni a ni ɔ́ya bɔ́ɔfɔ È sìise sìise È dòni dònton báa È nù 3SG OPT 3SG OPT something ETRG.PUL -ART chiken chiken -ART transport cock big -ART -PL pron pm pron pm pron n -mrph n n -mrph v n adj -mrph -mrph

sp	bon, a ni sìise kílè tùgun dòni   he had to bring eggs bon a ni sìise kílè tùgun dòni bon a ni sìise kíli È tùgɛn dòni ETRG.FR 3SG OPT chiken call -ART seedbed load itj pron pm n v -mrph n v

sp	dònton ɛɛ.. sìise kílè bánbànù   Big eggs. dònton ɛɛ sìise kílè bánbànù dònton ɛɛ sìise kíli È bánba cock ur chiken egg -ART big n itj n n -mrph adj

sp	ɛɛ kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ kàru sàba   Every three months. ɛɛ kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ kàru sàba ɛɛ kàru sàba bɛ́ɛ kàru sàba ur moon three all moon three itj n num pron n num

sp	áwà wo le k' a máa háa   That's how it was at the time when áwà wo le k a máa háa áwà wo le ka a máa háa well that FOC PST.TR 3SG or until itj pron prt pm pron conj conj

sp

ɛɛ fúlànù ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ɔ́ya Fúuta yan de tɔ   that Fulbe colonized our people here ɛɛ fúlànù ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ɔ́ya Fúuta yan de tɔ ɛɛ fúla ka ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ɔ́ya Fúuta yan le tɔ ur fula PST.TR 1PL POSS man -ART -PL faire TOPON that FOC in itj n pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph v n.prop pron prt pp

sp	ɓáyi ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bòrita   Becaus our people ran away, ɓáyi ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù le bòrita ɓáy ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù le bòri ta as 1PL POSS man -ART -PL FOC run -PST.INTR conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph prt v -mrph

sp	kà nàa kà a le.. fúlànù dóonù tàran yan de tɔ   and arrived here and met the Fulbe here. kà nàa kà a le fúlànù dóonù tàran yan de tɔ kà nàa kà a le fúla dóo nù tàran yan le tɔ SEQ come SEQ 3SG FOC fula one -PL find that FOC in conj v conj pron prt n n -mrph v pron prt pp

sp	áwà ɛɛ.. bìi.. álla t' a múuyɛ   God made that áwà ɛɛ bìi álla t a múuyɛ áwà ɛɛ bìi álla báti a múuyɛ well ur now God PRF 3SG wish itj itj adv n pm pron v

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álla nin ɛɛ.. ɲáatɔbagànù mínnù bi ma ɲáa tɔ Máamu yan de tɔ   God and the chiefs that are above us here in Maamu, álla nin ɛɛ ɲáatɔbagànù mínnù bi ma ɲáa tɔ Máamu yan de tɔ álla nin ɛɛ ɲáatɔbaga mín nù bi ma ɲáa tɔ Máamu yan le tɔ God and ur chief REL -PL be 1PL eye in TOPON that FOC in n conj itj n n -mrph cop pron n pp n.prop pron prt pp

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an ta.. n de nin kɛɛ hɔ́llindirɛ bon.. kɛɛ yìta n nà   He intruduced us to each other, and showed me to her. an ta n de nin kɛɛ hɔ́llindirɛ bon kɛɛ yìta n nà anu ta n le nin kɛɛ hɔ́llindirɛ bon kɛɛ yìta n là 3PL PRF 1SG FOC and this ETRG.PUL ETRG.FR this show 1SG LOC pron pm pron prt conj pron v itj pron v pron pp

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ɛɛ.. wo le b' a máa-len de tùgun n bi kúma-la o yen, n n a fɔ́ɔ o yen, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nàata káamin.. kɔ́man Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ, Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa yan tùma   This is why I'm telling you how our people came to Poopodara and are here until now. ɛɛ wo le b a máalen de tùgun n bi kúmala o yen n n a fɔ́ɔ o yen ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù nàata káamin kɔ́man Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa yan tùma ɛɛ wo le bi a máa len le tùgun n bi kúma la o yen n ni a fɔ́ɔ o yen ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù nàa ta káamin kɔ́man Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa yan tùma ur 2PL FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES FOC again 1SG be speak -GER 2PL for 1SG OPT 3SG say 2PL for to POSS man -ART -PL come -PST.INTR when ETRG.FR TOPON there TOPON there until that time itj pron prt cop pron v -mrph prt adv pron cop v -mrph pron pp pron pm pron v pron pp pp conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph adv adv n.prop adv n.prop adv conj pron

sp	áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn   But.. áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn well but but itj conj itj

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ɛɛ kàbí Sáamɔri Tùré ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrita   since Samori Ture chased our people ɛɛ kàbí Sáamɔri Tùré ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrita ɛɛ kàbí Sáamɔri Tùré ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bòri ta ur since NOM.M NOM.CL 1PL POSS man -ART -PL 1PL POSS man -ART -PL run -PST.INTR itj conj n.prop n.prop pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph

sp	jɛ̀rɛ wálè mín kɛ́ɛ-ta   Because of the big war which was done jɛ̀rɛ wálè mín kɛ́ɛta jɛ̀rɛ wálu È mín kɛ́ɛ ta war big -ART REL do -PST.INTR n adj -mrph n v -mrph

sp

Wɔ́yɔwayankɔ, Sáamɔri.. Sáamɔri fɛ a nin tìbáabuènù   in Woyowayanko, between Saamori and the colonizers. Wɔ́yɔwayankɔ Sáamɔri Sáamɔri fɛ a nin tìbáabuènù Wɔ́yɔwayankɔ Sáamɔri Sáamɔri fɛ a nin tìbáabu È nù TOPON NOM.M NOM.M with 3SG and white.man -ART -PL n.prop n.prop n.prop pp pron conj n -mrph -mrph

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrita, an dònta Fúuta   Our people fled and came to Fuuta-Jallon. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù bòrita an dònta Fúuta ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù bòri ta anu dòn ta Fúuta 1PL POSS man -ART -PL run -PST.INTR 3PL enter -PST.INTR TOPON pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron v -mrph n.prop

sp

háa Sɛ́ɛku Tùré.. Sɛ́ɛku Tùré.. háa índɛpandansɛ tùma   until the time of Seeku Ture, until the independence háa Sɛ́ɛku Tùré Sɛ́ɛku Tùré háa índɛpandansɛ tùma háa Sɛ́ɛku Tùré Sɛ́ɛku Tùré háa índɛpandansɛ tùma until Sekou NOM.CL Sekou NOM.CL until ETRG.FR time conj n n.prop n n.prop conj n

sp	háray.. háray ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tánpɛ-len   our parents have suffered háray háray ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tánpɛlen háray háray ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù tánpɛ len so so 1PL POSS man -ART -PL ETRG.PUL -PC.RES itj itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph

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háray ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù.. mɔ̀gɔ.. fúlànù ta ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù fàga   Our people.. the Fulbe killed our people háray ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mɔ̀gɔ fúlànù ta ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù fàga háray ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù mɔ̀gɔ fúla È nù ta ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù fàga so 1PL POSS man -ART -PL man fula -ART -PL PRF 1PL POSS man -ART -PL die itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph n n -mrph -mrph pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph v

sp	áwà ɛɛ. ɔ́ya ɛɛ   Well áwà ɛɛ ɔ́ya ɛɛ áwà ɛɛ ɔ́ya ɛɛ well ur something ur itj itj pron itj

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Yásin Jállo le ka kílà fɛ́rti ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yen   Yasin Jallon liberated the way for our people. Yásin Jállo le ka kílà fɛ́rti ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yen Yásin Jállo le ka kíla fɛ́rti ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù yen NOM.M NOM.CL FOC PST.TR road ETRG.PUL 1PL POSS man -ART -PL n.prop n.prop prt pm n v pron conj n -mrph -mrph

sp	áwà, an fɔ́lɔta, an súlen-na ɔ́n tùma le   At that time could have some rest. áwà an fɔ́lɔta an súlenna ɔ́n tùma le áwà anu fɔ́lɔ ta anu súlen la ɔ́n tùma le well 3PL start -PST.INTR 3PL have.a.rest -GER ETRG.PUL time FOC itj pron v -mrph pron v -mrph pron n prt

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wo le ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù, hári an b' a fɔ́ɔ-la le Jállo Yásin ma, àrjánna Yásin   That's why our people called Diallo Yasin, the Yasin of Paradise. wo le ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù hári an b a fɔ́ɔla le Jállo Yásin ma àrjánna Yásin wo le ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù hári anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la le Jállo Yásin ma àljánna Yásin that FOC 1PL POSS man -ART -PL but 3PL be 3SG say -GER FOC NOM.CL NOM.M to paradise NOM.M pron prt pron conj n -mrph -mrph prt pron cop pron v -mrph prt n.prop n.prop pp n n.prop

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ɓáyi hári an ta-tánpɛ tánpɛrè ta an fàga, a le mɔ̀gɔ fúlànù ta an fàga   their big sufferance killed them, the Fulbe killed them ɓáyi hári an tatánpɛ tánpɛrè ta an fàga a le mɔ̀gɔ fúlànù ta an fàga ɓáy hári anu ta tánpɛ tánpɛ ri È ta anu fàga a le mɔ̀gɔ fúla È nù ta anu fàga as but 3PL REP- ETRG.PUL ETRG.PUL -NMLZ.TR -ART PRF 3PL die 3SG FOC man fula -ART -PL PRF 3PL die conj prt pron mrph- v v -mrph -mrph pm pron v pron prt n n -mrph -mrph pm pron v

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áwà ɓáyi wo ɲɔ́ɔ tùgun ta-fàga, Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgun nàata nɔn a ka tìbáabuènù gbáyi   Well when that one also died, Seeku Ture cam and chased the white people. áwà ɓáyi wo ɲɔ́ɔ tùgun tafàga Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgun nàata nɔn a ka tìbáabuènù gbáyi áwà ɓáy wo ɲɔ́ɔ tùgun ta fàga Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgɛn nàa ta nɔn a ka tìbáabu È nù gbáyi well as that that again REP- die Sekou NOM.CL seedbed come -PST.INTR but 3SG PST.TR white.man -ART -PL drive.out itj conj pron pron adv mrph- v n n.prop n v -mrph itj pron pm n -mrph -mrph v

sp	ɛɛ.. tìbáabuènù gbáyi   he chased them ɛɛ tìbáabuènù gbáyi ɛɛ tìbáabu È nù gbáyi ur white.man -ART -PL drive.out itj n -mrph -mrph v

sp

wo tùma le.. ma la kìnaà ka an yɛ̀tɛ sɔ̀tɔ fúlànù bólo fɛ̋w fɛ̋w fɛ̋w   At that time our parents obtained their full independence from Fulbe wo tùma le ma la kìnaà ka an yɛ̀tɛ sɔ̀tɔ fúlànù bólo fɛ̋w fɛ̋w fɛ̋w wo tùma le ma la kìna È ka anu ɲɛ̀tɛ sɔ̀tɔ fúla bólo fɛ̋w fɛ̋w fɛ̋w that time FOC 1PL POSS old.man -ART PST.TR 3PL oneself get fula arm at.all at.all at.all pron n prt pron conj n -mrph pm pron n v n n itj itj itj

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hári k a tàran nɔn bìi kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀, i la bóɲɛ̀ i tún, i le tán mu, i la sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀, i le le tán mu   And from that time the house, it was your property, the field, it was your property. hári k a tàran nɔn bìi kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ i la bóɲɛ̀ i tún i le tán mu i la sɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ i le le tán mu hári ka a tàran nɔn bìi kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ i la bón È i tún i le tán mu i la sɛ̀nɛ È i le le tán mu but PST.TR 3SG find but now now 2SG POSS house -ART GENER only 2SG FOC POSS.EMPH IDENT 2SG POSS field -ART 2SG FOC FOC POSS.EMPH IDENT prt pm pron v itj adv adv pron conj n -mrph pron prt pron prt n cop pron conj n -mrph pron prt prt n cop

sp	i le nin fúlà, wo i kán   You and Fulbe, you are equal. i le nin fúlà wo i kán si le nin fúla wo bi kán if FOC and fula 2PL be ought conj prt conj n pron cop v

sp	áwà ma le tùgun, ma sɔ̀tɔ-ta wo le búutɔ   We were born at that time. áwà ma le tùgun ma sɔ̀tɔta wo le búutɔ áwà ma le tùgun ma sɔ̀tɔ ta wo le búutɔ well 1PL FOC again 1PL get -PST.INTR that FOC in itj pron prt adv pron v -mrph pron prt pp

sp	ma ka ɲɔ́gɔn.. ma ka... ma.. kúnɛn-ta wo le búutɔ   We grew up at that time. ma ka ɲɔ́gɔn ma ka ma kúnɛnta wo le búutɔ ma ka ɲɔ́gɔn ma ka ma kúnɛn ta wo le búutɔ 1PL PST.TR one.another 1PL PST.TR 1PL wake -PST.INTR that FOC in pron pm pron pron pm pron v -mrph pron prt pp

sp	ma.. ma wúli-len an fɛ wo le búutɔ   We developed in this ma ma wúlilen an fɛ wo le búutɔ ma ma wúli len anu fɛ wo le búutɔ 1PL 1PL get.up -PC.RES 3PL with that FOC in pron pron v -mrph pron pp pron prt pp

sp	ma.. tìbáabu tùma, ma máa.. ma máa wo ɲɔ́ɔ lɔ́n   We.. the colonial period, we don't know it. ma tìbáabu tùma ma máa ma máa wo ɲɔ́ɔ lɔ́n ma tìbáabu tùma ma máa ma máa wo ɲɔ́ɔ lɔ́n 1PL white.man time 1PL NEG.COP 1PL NEG.COP that that know pron n n pron cop pron cop pron pron v

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kɔ̀nɔ nɔn, ma sɔ̀tɔ-ta tùma mín nà, háray Sɛ́ɛku Tùré.. háray Jállo Yáasin, a ta tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bɔ́ɔ   But then in the time when we were born, in the Time of Seku Ture, Diallo Yasin abolished forced labour. kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma sɔ̀tɔta tùma mín nà háray Sɛ́ɛku Tùré háray Jállo Yáasin a ta tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bɔ́ɔ kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma sɔ̀tɔ ta tùma mín là háray Sɛ́ɛku Tùré háray Jállo Yáasin a ta tráwɔ fɔ̀rsɛ́ bɔ́ɔ but but 1PL get -PST.INTR time REL LOC so Sekou NOM.CL so NOM.CL NOM.CL 3SG PRF ETRG.FR forced.labour leave conj itj pron v -mrph n n pp itj n n.prop itj n.prop n.prop pron pm n n v

sp	Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgun, a ta tìbáabuènù gbáyi   Seku Tugun, he defeated the colonizers. Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgun a ta tìbáabuènù gbáyi Sɛ́ɛku Tùré tùgun a ta tìbáabu È nù gbáyi Sekou NOM.CL again 3SG PRF white.man -ART -PL drive.out n n.prop adv pron pm n -mrph -mrph v

sp

ɔ́n tùma dé ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka ɛɛ.. an súlɛn dónden   At that time our people had some rest ɔ́n tùma dé ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka ɛɛ an súlɛn dónden ɔ́n tùma dé ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ka ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ka ɛɛ anu súlɛ nù dónden ETRG.PUL time EMPH 1PL POSS man -ART -PL PST.TR 1PL POSS man -ART -PL PST.TR HESIT 3PL get.drunk -PL little pron n prt pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm itj pron v -mrph adv

sp	hàkkɛ́ɛ tɔ́ɔdɛ hári.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ta tánpɛ   Well, our parents have suffered. hàkkɛ́ɛ tɔ́ɔdɛ hári ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ta tánpɛ hàkkɛ́ɛ tɔ́ɔdɛ hári ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ta tánpɛ EXCL besides but 1PL POSS man -ART -PL PRF ETRG.PUL itj adv prt pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm v

sp	n bàaba.. n bàaba mín tɔ́gɔ Sàatigi Háadi   My father, whose name was Saatigi Haadi, n bàaba n bàaba mín tɔ́gɔ Sàatigi Háadi n bàaba n bàaba mín tɔ́gɔ Sàatigi Háadi 1SG father 1SG father REL name NOM.M NOM.M pron n pron n n n n.prop n.prop

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ɛɛ.. lún dó hári ɛɛ. fúlà dóo mànsáya-den Gɔ́ngɔrɛ a tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu   One day there was a Fulbe ruling in Gongore, his name was Alfa Aliu, ɛɛ lún dó hári ɛɛ fúlà dóo mànsáyaden Gɔ́ngɔrɛ a tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu ɛɛ lún dóo hári ɛɛ fúla È dóo mànsáya len Gɔ́ngɔrɛ a tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu HESIT day one but HESIT fula -ART one power -PC.RES TOPON 3SG name say NOM.M NOM.M itj n n prt itj n -mrph n n -mrph n.prop pron n v n.prop n.prop

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ɛɛ.. a nun tìbáabuè bi wo le là sìgi-len ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   The colonizers appointed him in that position ɛɛ a nun tìbáabuè bi wo le là sìgilen ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ɛɛ a nun tìbáabu È bi wo le là sìgi len ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ HESIT 3SG RETR white.man -ART be that FOC LOC sit -PC.RES there itj pron prt n -mrph cop pron prt pp v -mrph adv

sp	hári hàkkɛ́ɛ a ta n bàaba tánpinɛ   He made my father suffer. hári hàkkɛ́ɛ a ta n bàaba tánpinɛ hári hàkkɛ́ɛ a ta n bàaba tánpinɛ but EXCL 3SG PRF 1SG father ETRG.PUL prt itj pron pm pron n v

sp	bon álmaaminù sìgilen Máamu yan de tɔ   A chief was appointed here in Mamou. bon álmaaminù sìgilen Máamu yan de tɔ bon álmaami nù sìgi len Máamu yan le tɔ ETRG.FR imam -PL sit -PC.RES TOPON that FOC in itj n -mrph v -mrph n.prop pron prt pp

sp

álmaaminù ta a wà Máamu, an k a mùséè dóo yén mín tɔ́gɔ kó Fáatumata   The imam came to Maamu and met a woman whose name was Fatumata. álmaaminù ta a wà Máamu an k a mùséè dóo yén mín tɔ́gɔ kó Fáatumata álmaami nù ta a wà Máamu anu ka a mùsu È dóo yén mín tɔ́gɔ kó Fáatumata imam -PL PRF 3SG go TOPON 3PL PST.TR 3SG woman -ART one see REL name say NOM.F n -mrph pm pron v n.prop pron pm pron n -mrph n v n n v n.prop

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Fáatumata k' a tàran, n bàaba la máamusè dóo le wo là   At that time Fatumata was the sister of my father. Fáatumata k a tàran n bàaba la máamusè dóo le wo là Fáatumata ka a tàran n bàaba la máamusu È dóo le wo là NOM.F PST.TR 3SG find 1SG father POSS sister -ART one FOC that LOC n.prop pm pron v pron n conj n -mrph n prt pron pp

sp

bon a.. n bàaba tùgun ka.. n bàaba tùgun ka álmaaminù kɔ́ɔ wo mùséè là mín tɔ́gɔ nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fátu Gɔ́ngɔrɛ   My father gave to the king the woman whose name was mother Fatu Gongore. bon a n bàaba tùgun ka n bàaba tùgun ka álmaaminù kɔ́ɔ wo mùséè là mín tɔ́gɔ nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fátu Gɔ́ngɔrɛ bon a n bàaba tùgun ka n bàaba tùgun ka álmaami nù kɔ́ɔ wo mùsu È là mín tɔ́gɔ nɛ̀ɛnɛ Fátu Gɔ́ngɔrɛ ETRG.FR 3SG 1SG father again PST.TR 1SG father again PST.TR imam -PL give that woman -ART LOC REL name mother NOM.F TOPON itj pron pron n adv pm pron n adv pm n -mrph v pron n -mrph pp n n n n.prop n.prop

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wo le tɔ́ɔdɛ.. ka ɔ́ya.. ka Dɔ́ktɛr Kánja sɔ̀tɔ Kɔ́nakri   She gave birth to Dokter Kanja, who is in Conakry. wo le tɔ́ɔdɛ ka ɔ́ya ka Dɔ́ktɛr Kánja sɔ̀tɔ Kɔ́nakri wo le tɔ́ɔdɛ ka ɔ́ya ka dɔ́ktɛr Kánja sɔ̀tɔ Kɔ́nakri that FOC besides PST.TR something PST.TR ETRG.FR NOM.M get TOPON pron prt adv pm pron pm n n.prop v n.prop

sp	áwà ɛɛ.. wo máata sábuè là háa   This was the reason why áwà ɛɛ wo máata sábuè là háa áwà ɛɛ wo máa ta sábu È là háa well HESIT that do -PST.INTR support -ART LOC until itj itj pron v -mrph n -mrph pp conj

sp	bàaba nin álmaaminù ɛɛ.. tɛ́ɛma bɛ̀nta   father and the governer met bàaba nin álmaaminù ɛɛ tɛ́ɛma bɛ̀nta bàaba nin álmaami nù ɛɛ tɛ́ɛma bɛ̀n ta father and imam -PL HESIT between meet -PST.INTR n conj n -mrph itj n.loc v -mrph

sp	háa álmaaminù ka bàaba máa sáatigi.. sáatigi jɔ̀ɔ   The governor named my father the chief of the village háa álmaaminù ka bàaba máa sáatigi sáatigi jɔ̀ɔ háa álmaami nù ka bàaba máa sáatigi sáatigi jɔ̀ɔ much imam -PL PST.TR father do chief chief well adv n -mrph pm n v n n itj

sp	ɛɛ... an ka hɔ́ɗɛ̀ hálfinɛ bàaba là   He entrusted the village to the father. ɛɛ an ka hɔ́ɗɛ̀ hálfinɛ bàaba là ɛɛ anu ka hɔ́ɗɔ È hálfinɛ bàaba là HESIT 3PL PST.TR village -ART ETRG.PUL father LOC itj pron pm n -mrph v n pp

sp

an k' a máa jóoni sáatigè Háadi, hári Háadi le tún   He made his the boss Haadi, and before he was just Haadi an k a máa jóoni sáatigè Háadi hári Háadi le tún anu ka a máa jóoni sáatigi È Háadi hári Háadi le tún 3PL PST.TR 3SG do ETRG.PUL chief -ART NOM.M but NOM.M FOC only pron pm pron v adv n -mrph n.prop prt n.prop prt prt

sp

kɔ̀nɔ ɔ́n tùma le bàaba ka sáatigè Háadiya sɔ̀tɔ   At that time he got promoted to the status of the "chief Haadi". kɔ̀nɔ ɔ́n tùma le bàaba ka sáatigè Háadiya sɔ̀tɔ kɔ̀nɔ ɔ́n tùma le bàaba ka sáatigi È Háadi ya sɔ̀tɔ but ETRG.PUL time FOC father PST.TR chief -ART NOM.M -ABST get conj pron n prt n pm n -mrph n.prop -mrph v

sp

bon, k' a tàran kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn mànsáà mín bi Gɔ́ngɔrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu   Well then it happened that the chief who was in Gongore and whose name was Alfa Aliu, bon k a tàran kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn mànsáà mín bi Gɔ́ngɔrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu bon kà a tàran kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn mànsa È mín bi Gɔ́ngɔrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ kó Àlfá Àlíu ETRG.FR SEQ 3SG find now but chief -ART REL be TOPON REL name say NOM.M NOM.M itj conj pron v adv itj n -mrph n cop n.prop n n v n.prop n.prop

sp

a la kíilayànù b' a wà-la háa bàaba báta le, bàaba tùgun ni kíilaya dòni hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tɔ, hɔ́ɗɛ̀nù   his envoys were sent to my father, and my father, he send the envoys further to the villages a la kíilayànù b a wàla háa bàaba báta le bàaba tùgun ni kíilaya dòni hɔ́ɗɛ̀ tɔ hɔ́ɗɛ̀nù a la kíilaya È nù bi a wà la háa bàaba báta le bàaba tùgɛn ni kíilaya dòni hɔ́ɗɔ È tɔ hɔ́ɗɔ È nù 3SG POSS envoy -ART -PL be 3SG go -GER until father at FOC father seedbed OPT envoy transport village -ART in village -ART -PL pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron v -mrph conj n n.loc n n n v n -mrph pp n -mrph -mrph

sp

hári an fìla, an máa-len kómin.. kómin yan tùma kùmandáɲɛ̀ a nin sɛ́f dɛ vílaz máa sɛ́fu sɛ́ttɛrɛ   And the two of them, when they became the chief of the village and the head of the district, hári an fìla an máalen kómin kómin yan tùma kùmandáɲɛ̀ a nin sɛ́f dɛ vílaz máa sɛ́fu sɛ́ttɛrɛ hári anu fìla anu máa len kómin kómin yan tùma kùmandán È a nin sɛ́fu dɛ vílaz máa sɛ́fu sɛ́ttɛrɛ but 3PL two 3PL do -PC.RES how how that time commander -ART 3SG and chief ETRG.FR ETRG.FR or chief district prt pron num pron v -mrph adv adv pron n n -mrphpron conj n prep n conj n n

sp

hári sáatigènù.. sáatigènù, won de bi sɛ́f dɛ vílaz won de tɔ́gɔ sɛ́f dɛ vílaz   They were called "saatigi", that is the head of the village. hári sáatigènù sáatigènù won de bi sɛ́f dɛ vílaz won de tɔ́gɔ sɛ́f dɛ vílaz hári sáatigi È nù sáatigi È nù wo nù le bi sɛ́fu dɛ vílaz wo nù le tɔ́gɔ sɛ́fu dɛ vílaz but chief -ART -PL chief -ART -PL that -PL FOC be chief ETRG.FR ETRG.FR that -PL FOC name chief ETRG.FR ETRG.FR prt n -mrph -mrph n -mrph -mrph pron -mrph prt cop n prep n pron -mrph prt n n prep n

sp

bon, kùmandáɲɛ̀, wo le tɔ́gɔ súprɛfɛ hán yan tùma   The commandant, he is called sub-prefect now. bon kùmandáɲɛ̀ wo le tɔ́gɔ súprɛfɛ hán yan tùma bon kùmandán È wo le tɔ́gɔ súprɛfɛ háa yan tùma ETRG.FR commander -ART that FOC name sub.prefect until that time itj n -mrph pron prt n n conj pron

sp

áwà kó.. ɓá ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka an yɛ̀tɛ ma-sɔ̀tɔ ɔ́n tùma le   It was at the time when our parents got their independence. áwà kó ɓá ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ka an yɛ̀tɛ masɔ̀tɔ ɔ́n tùma le áwà kó ɓáy ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ka anu ɲɛ̀tɛ ma sɔ̀tɔ ɔ́n tùma le well say as 1PL POSS man -ART -PL PST.TR 3PL oneself VERB.PL- get ETRG.PUL time FOC itj v conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm pron n mrph- v pron n prt

sp

hári mɔ̀gɔ fúlànù ta an fàga sɔ̀njaà a nin tánpɛrè ma   And before the the Fulbe were killing them with sufferings and difficulties. hári mɔ̀gɔ fúlànù ta an fàga sɔ̀njaà a nin tánpɛrè ma hári mɔ̀gɔ fúla ta anu fàga sɔ̀nja È a nin tánpɛ ri È ma but man fula PRF 3PL die difficulty -ART 3SG and ETRG.PUL -NMLZ.TR -ART to prt n n pm pron v n -mrph pron conj v -mrph -mrph pp

sp

áwà, ma le nɔn, ma bi ma tɔ̀díyalen kɛɛ.. kɛɛ mànsáyà là yan nà   We are happy with this government that we have now, áwà ma le nɔn ma bi ma tɔ̀díyalen kɛɛ kɛɛ mànsáyà là yan nà áwà ma le nɔn ma bi ma tàdíya len kɛɛ kɛɛ mànsáya È là yan là well 1PL FOC but 1PL be 1PL be.pleased -PC.RES this this power -ART LOC that LOC itj pron prt itj pron cop pron v -mrph pron pron n -mrph pp pron pp

sp

kɔ̀fí ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù,. an ta an yɛ̀tɛ ma-sɔ̀tɔ.. an ta an yɛ̀tɛ ma-sɔ̀tɔ   becaus our people, they have obtained their indepence. kɔ̀fí ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù an ta an yɛ̀tɛ masɔ̀tɔ an ta an yɛ̀tɛ masɔ̀tɔ kɔ̀fí ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù anu ta anu ɲɛ̀tɛ ma sɔ̀tɔ anu ta anu ɲɛ̀tɛ ma sɔ̀tɔ because 1PL POSS man -ART -PL 3PL PRF 3PL oneself VERB.PL- get 3PL PRF 3PL oneself VERB.PL- get conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron pm pron n mrph- v pron pm pron n mrph- v

sp	ma bi álla tára-len   We pray God ma bi álla táralen ma bi álla tára len to be God beg -PC.RES pp cop n v -mrph

sp

álla kɛɛ tóo-la ma kùnma bùtun.. álla kɛɛ tóo-la ma kùnma bùtun   that God gives him (the president) long stay with us. álla kɛɛ tóola ma kùnma bùtun álla kɛɛ tóola ma kùnma bùtun álla kɛɛ tóo la ma kùnma bùtun álla kɛɛ tóo la ma kùnma bùtun God this leave -GER to on first God this leave -GER to on first n pron v -mrph pp pp adv n pron v -mrph pp pp adv

sp

kɛɛ mànsáà álla ka mín.. kɛɛ mín na-sìgi ma kùnma   the president that God has given to us kɛɛ mànsáà álla ka mín kɛɛ mín nasìgi ma kùnma kɛɛ mànsa È álla ka mín kɛɛ mín la sìgi ma kùnma this chief -ART God PST.TR REL this REL CAUS- sit to on pron n -mrph n pm n pron n mrph- v pp pp

sp	ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀, álla kɛɛ tóo ma fɛ bùtun   that God should leave him with us ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ álla kɛɛ tóo ma fɛ bùtun ma la mɔ̀gɔ È álla kɛɛ tóo ma fɛ bùtun to POSS man -ART God this leave 1PL with first pp conj n -mrph n pron v pron pp adv

sp

álla ma la gáɲɛ̀nù káni.. ɛɛ kɛɛ an sàgɔɛ̀ sɔ̀tɔ kɛɛ fɛ   that our enemies don't get what they want (sàguɛ̀ - wishes) álla ma la gáɲɛ̀nù káni ɛɛ kɛɛ an sàgɔɛ̀ sɔ̀tɔ kɛɛ fɛ álla ma la gáɲɛ È nù káni ɛɛ kɛɛ anu sa sɔ̀tɔ kɛɛ fɛ God 1PL POSS win -ART -PL IMP.NEG HESIT this 3PL in.order.to get this with n pron conj v -mrph -mrph pm itj pron pron conj v pron pp

sp	ɓáyru kɛɛ yan, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ tígitigi dé   He (the president) is really our father ɓáyru kɛɛ yan ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ tígitigi dé ɓáyri kɛɛ yan ma la mɔ̀gɔ È tígitigi dé because this that 1PL POSS man -ART exactly EMPH conj pron pron pron conj n -mrph itj prt

sp	wo le b' a máa-len   This is why wo le b a máalen wo le bi a máa len that FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES pron prt cop pron v -mrph

sp

n ka n na gɔ́llɛ-nù fɔ́pu bóloka bí, ɓáyi hári n ta kɛɛn' na fɔ́ɔ kóo mɔ́yi Kɔ́nakri   I abandoned all my work, because I heard about this (mission) in Konakry n ka n na gɔ́llɛnù fɔ́pu bóloka bí ɓáyi hári n ta kɛɛn na fɔ́ɔ kóo mɔ́yi Kɔ́nakri n ka n la gɔ́llɛ nù főo bóloka bi ɓáy hári n ta kɛɛ nù la fɔ́ɔ kóo mɔ́yi Kɔ́nakri 1SG PST.TR 1SG POSS ETRG.PUL -PL UNIV leave be as but 1SG PRF this -PL POSS say thing hear TOPON pron pm pron conj v -mrph dtm v cop conj prt pron pm pron -mrph conj v n v n.prop

sp

bon, kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru álla ka.. álla ka múuyɛ an.. an nàata bìi le Máamu yan de tɔ   But since God made so that they arrived here to Mamu bon kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru álla ka álla ka múuyɛ an an nàata bìi le Máamu yan de tɔ bon kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyri álla ka álla ka múuyɛ anu anu nàa ta bìi le Máamu yan le tɔ ETRG.FR but because God PST.TR God PST.TR wish 3PL 3PL come -PST.INTR now FOC TOPON that FOC in itj conj conj n pm n pm v pron pron v -mrph adv prt n.prop pron prt pp

sp	álla ta sábuè máa háa a k' a tàran   God made it so that álla ta sábuè máa háa a k a tàran álla ta sábu È máa háa a ka a tàran God PRF support -ART do until 3SG PST.TR 3SG find n pm n -mrph v conj pron pm pron

sp

ma le mínnù bi gɔ́llɛ-la Máamu yan de tɔ, n de le tún bi bɔ́ɔ-len   We who work here, in Mamou, only me I left. ma le mínnù bi gɔ́llɛla Máamu yan de tɔ n de le tún bi bɔ́ɔlen ma le mín nù bi gɔ́llɛ la Máamu yan le tɔ n le le tún bi bɔ́ɔ len 1PL FOC REL -PL be ETRG.PUL -GER TOPON that FOC in 1SG FOC FOC only be leave -PC.RES pron prt n -mrph cop v -mrph n.prop pron prt pp pron prt prt prt cop v -mrph

sp	kɛɛ kákkabɛ bi fɔ́ɔ-la káamin   from the place where Kakabe is spoken. kɛɛ kákkabɛ bi fɔ́ɔla káamin kɛɛ kákkabɛ bi fɔ́ɔ la káamin this kakkabe be say -GER when pron n cop v -mrph adv

sp

álla ta sábuè díi n fɛ wo le k' a máa.. álla ka ma hɔ́llindirɛ   God made made it so that we met álla ta sábuè díi n fɛ wo le k a máa álla ka ma hɔ́llindirɛ álla ta sábu È díi n fɛ wo le ka a máa álla ka ma hɔ́llindirɛ God PRF support -ART give 1SG with that FOC PST.TR 3SG do God PST.TR 1PL ETRG.PUL n pm n -mrph v pron pp pron prt pm pron v n pm pron v

sp	háa ma kúma-ta kɛɛ yan nà   and we talk here háa ma kúmata kɛɛ yan nà háa ma kúma ta kɛɛ yan là much 1PL speak -PST.INTR this that LOC adv pron v -mrph pron pron pp

sp	bìi.. bìi tàláata tɔ.. bìi àlkámisa tɔ   Now.. now, on Tuesday.. now, on Thursday bìi bìi tàláata tɔ bìi àlkámisa tɔ bìi bìi tàláata tɔ bìi àlkámisa tɔ now now Tuesday in now Thursday in adv adv n pp adv n pp

sp

kàru tɔ, tìbáabu kàruè tèle múgan a nin ságin   On the month of the white people, on the twenty eighth. kàru tɔ tìbáabu kàruè tèle múgan a nin ságin kàru tɔ tìbáabu kàru È tèle múgan a nin ságin moon in white.man moon -ART sun twenty 3SG and eight n pp n n -mrph n num pron conj num

sp	ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ kúma.. ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ máa-ta bìi le   We've talked right now. ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ kúma ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ máata bìi le ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ kúma ma la yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ máa ta bìi le to POSS discussion speech 1PL POSS discussion or -PST.INTR now FOC pp conj n n pron conj n conj -mrph adv prt

sp

áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgun sìyata yan búyi.. Máamu yan de tɔ, a láncanden Bàlɛ   But now there are a lot of our people here, they are all over the Bale district áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù tùgun sìyata yan búyi Máamu yan de tɔ a láncanden Bàlɛ áwà kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù tùgun sìya ta yan búyi Máamu yan le tɔ a láncan len Bàlɛ well but but to POSS man -ART -PL again be.numerous -PST.INTR that much TOPON that FOC in 3SG spill -PC.RES TOPON itj conj itj pp conj n -mrph -mrph adv v -mrph pron adj n.prop pron prt pp pron v -mrph n.prop

sp	an láncanden Tínbɔ   they are distributed in Timbo an láncanden Tínbɔ anu láncan len Tínbɔ 3PL spill -PC.RES TOPON pron v -mrph n.prop

sp	an bi Wùrɛkába   they are in Ouré-kaba, an bi Wùrɛkába anu bi Wùrɛkába 3PL be TOPON pron cop n.prop

sp	an bi Sɔ́ɔya   they are in Soyah. an bi Sɔ́ɔya anu bi Sɔ́ɔya 3PL be TOPON pron cop n.prop

sp

an bi.. i tága-ta káamin wő, i si ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yén   They are.. Wherever you go, you will meet our people. an bi i tágata káamin wő i si ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yén anu bi i ta káamin wő i si ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù yén 3PL be 2SG PRF when UNIV 2SG POT 1PL POSS man -ART -PL see pron cop pron pm adv dtm pron pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph v

sp

áwà tùgun, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù, ma la dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɛ̀nù, ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù wonù tígitigi, an fɔ́pu.. an.. kɛɛ mànsáyà díya-len ma yen   Well then, our people, our friends, all our people.. this goverment is good for us. áwà tùgun ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ma la dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɛ̀nù ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù wonù tígitigi an fɔ́pu an kɛɛ mànsáyà díyalen ma yen áwà tùgun ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù ma la dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɔ È nù ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù wo nù tígitigi anu főo anu kɛɛ mànsáya È díya len ma yen well again to POSS man -ART -PL 1PL POSS friend -ART -PL 1PL POSS man -ART -PL that -PL exactly 3PL UNIV 3PL this power -ART please -PC.RES 1PL for itj adv pp conj n -mrph -mrph pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron -mrph itj pron dtm pron pron n -mrph v -mrph pron pp

sp	ma sàgɔɛ̀ tɔ dé, háray ma si mɔ́ɔɓɔndirɛ nun   Our wish is to unite, ma sàgɔɛ̀ tɔ dé háray ma si mɔ́ɔɓɔndirɛ nun ma sàgɔ È tɔ dé háray ma si mɔ́ɔɓɔndirɛ nun to wish -ART in EMPH so 1PL POT ETRG.PUL RETR pp n -mrph pp prt itj pron pm v prt

sp

ma n' a wà, ma ni ɲɔ́gɔn kɔ̀ntɔn ma la mànsáà fɛ   to go and to greet the governor. ma n a wà ma ni ɲɔ́gɔn kɔ̀ntɔn ma la mànsáà fɛ ma ni a wà ma ni ɲɔ́gɔn kɔ̀ntɔn ma la mànsa È fɛ 1PL OPT 3SG go 1PL OPT one.another greet 1PL POSS chief -ART with pron pm pron v pron pm pron v pron conj n -mrph pp

sp	hàkkɛ́ɛ a la mànsáyà díi ma yen   really, we like his ruling. hàkkɛ́ɛ a la mànsáyà díi ma yen hàkkɛ́ɛ a la mànsáya È díi ma yen EXCL 3SG POSS power -ART pleasant 1PL for itj pron conj n -mrph adj pron pp

sp

ɓáyi.. sábu álla le ka ma dɛ̀ɛman, a le ma la mànsáà   God helped us and he came to power ɓáyi sábu álla le ka ma dɛ̀ɛman a le ma la mànsáà ɓáy sábu álla le ka ma dɛ̀ɛman kɛɛ a le ma la mànsa È as support God FOC PST.TR 1PL help this 3SG FOC 1PL POSS chief -ART conj n n prt pm pron v pron pron prt pron conj n -mrph

sp

ɓáyi tɔ́ɔdɛ mànsáyà ta nàa.. a la wɔ́tɛ̀nù ta tànbi   the elections have passed ɓáyi tɔ́ɔdɛ mànsáyà ta nàa a la wɔ́tɛ̀nù ta tànbi ɓáy tɔ́ɔdɛ mànsáya È ta nàa a la wɔ́tɛ È nù ta tànbi as besides power -ART PRF come 3SG POSS elections -ART -PL PRF pass conj adv n -mrph pm v pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm v

sp	fúlànù mínnù bi ma báta ɲɔ́ɔ là   The Fulbe who are there fúlànù mínnù bi ma báta ɲɔ́ɔ là fúla È nù mín nù bi ma báta ɲɔ́ɔ là fula -ART -PL REL -PL be 1PL at that LOC n -mrph -mrph n -mrph cop pron n.loc pron pp

sp

ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mínnù bi sɛ́ɛranù tɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là   Our people who are there in the corners ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mínnù bi sɛ́ɛranù tɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù mín nù bi sɛ́ɛra nù tɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là 1PL POSS man -ART -PL REL -PL be ETRG.PUL -PL in that LOC pron conj n -mrph -mrph n -mrph cop n -mrph pp pron pp

sp

an k' a fɔ́ɔ, kó ɓáyru an de le ka.. an de le wɔ́ɔtɛta kɛɛ mànsáà yen   They said, that since they had elected that governor, an k a fɔ́ɔ kó ɓáyru an de le ka an de le wɔ́ɔtɛta kɛɛ mànsáà yen anu ka a fɔ́ɔ kó ɓáyri anu le le ka anu le le wɔ́ɔtɛ ta kɛɛ mànsa È yen 3PL PST.TR 3SG say say because 3PL FOC FOC PST.TR 3PL FOC FOC vote -PST.INTR this chief -ART for pron pm pron v v conj pron prt prt pm pron prt prt v -mrph pron n -mrph pp

sp

kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn, an na dùgéènù, an k' an sínga dùgéènù là, dùgéènù mínnù là, an ta.. an tóota, an tí ɲɔ́ɔ.. an tí.. an tí ɲɔ́ɔ sɛ̀nɛ   Their earth they lent them, to work, they took it.. they couldn't work there kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn an na dùgéènù an k an sínga dùgéènù là dùgéènù mínnù là an ta an tóota an tí ɲɔ́ɔ an tí an tí ɲɔ́ɔ sɛ̀nɛ kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn anu la dùgu È nù anu ka anu sínga dùgu È nù là dùgu È nù mín nù là anu ta anu tóo ta anu tí ɲɔ́ɔ anu tí anu tí ɲɔ́ɔ sɛ̀nɛ now but 3PL POSS earth -ART -PL 3PL PST.TR 3PL lend earth -ART -PL LOC earth -ART -PL REL -PL LOC 3PL PRF 3PL leave -PST.INTR 3PL NEG.POT that 3PL NEG.POT 3PL NEG.POT that cultivate adv itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph pron pm pron v n -mrph -mrph pp n -mrph -mrph n -mrph pp pron pm pron v -mrph pron pm pron pron pm pron pm pron v

sp

áwà kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru nɔn an k' a lɔ́n háray sábuènù bi sáarɛ̀ tɔ wánɔ.. ma le   But as they know that we have relations in the city áwà kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru nɔn an k a lɔ́n háray sábuènù bi sáarɛ̀ tɔ wánɔ ma le áwà kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyri nɔn anu ka a lɔ́n háray sábu È nù bi sáarɛ È tɔ wánɔ ma le well but because but 3PL PST.TR 3SG know so support -ART -PL be city -ART in ETRG.PUL 1PL FOC itj conj conj itj pron pm pron v itj n -mrph -mrph cop n -mrph pp conj pron prt

sp

an k' a lɔ́n, si wo kée-ta ɲáatɔbaganù ma, wo tí bɛ̀n   They know that if it becomes known to the bosses, that wouldn't work. an k a lɔ́n si wo kéeta ɲáatɔbaganù ma wo tí bɛ̀n anu ka a lɔ́n si wo kée ta ɲáatɔbaga nù ma wo tí bɛ̀n 3PL PST.TR 3SG know if that arrive -PST.INTR chief -PL to 2PL NEG.POT meet pron pm pron v conj pron v -mrph n -mrph pp pron pm v

sp

ɛɛ ma le ka a fɔ́ɔ, ma k' a fɔ́ɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yen   We said it to our people ɛɛ ma le ka a fɔ́ɔ ma k a fɔ́ɔ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù yen ɛɛ ma le ka a fɔ́ɔ ma ka a fɔ́ɔ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù yen HESIT 1PL FOC PST.TR 3SG say to PST.TR 3SG say 1PL POSS man -ART -PL for itj pron prt pm pron v pp pm pron v pron conj n -mrph -mrph pp

sp

mín mán a fɔ́ɔ wɔ́ndɛ i tí dùgu.. dùgéè ɛɛ.. gɔ́llɛ   the one who said that "you cannot work on that earth" mín mán a fɔ́ɔ wɔ́ndɛ i tí dùgu dùgéè ɛɛ gɔ́llɛ mín máni a fɔ́ɔ wɔ́ndɛ i tí dùgu dùgu È ɛɛ gɔ́llɛ REL COND 3SG say ETRG.PUL 2SG NEG.POT earth earth -ART HESIT ETRG.PUL n pm pron v conj pron pm n n -mrph itj v

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a tí a gɔ́llɛ, a n' a fɔ́ɔ a le le tán mu   he won't work, because the other said that it was his property a tí a gɔ́llɛ a n a fɔ́ɔ a le le tán mu a tí a gɔ́llɛ a ni a fɔ́ɔ a le le tán mu 3SG NEG.POT 3SG ETRG.PUL 3SG OPT 3SG say 3SG FOC FOC POSS.EMPH IDENT pron pm pron v pron pm pron v pron prt prt n cop

sp	a tí gɔ́llɛ, a fɔ́ɔ ma yen tún   he wouldn't work, this is said to us a tí gɔ́llɛ a fɔ́ɔ ma yen tún a tí gɔ́llɛ a fɔ́ɔ ma yen tún 3SG NEG.POT ETRG.PUL 3SG say 1PL for only pron pm v pron v pron pp prt

sp	a n' a fɔ́ɔ ɓáyru i ta wɔ́ɔtɛ ɔ́ya yen   he would say "as you've voted for the other one", a n a fɔ́ɔ ɓáyru i ta wɔ́ɔtɛ ɔ́ya yen a ni a fɔ́ɔ ɓáyri i ta wɔ́ɔtɛ ɔ́ya yen 3SG OPT 3SG say because 2SG PRF vote something for pron pm pron v conj pron pm v pron pp

sp	i máa wɔ́tɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ yen   "you haven't voted for our candidate" i máa wɔ́tɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ yen i máa wɔ́tɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È yen 2SG NEG.COP elections 1PL POSS man -ART for pron cop n pron conj n -mrph pp

sp	i tíi sɛ̀nɛ kɛ́ɛ yan ɲínan, a fɔ́ɔ ma yen   "You won't culievate the field this yes", this is said to us.. i tíi sɛ̀nɛ kɛ́ɛ yan ɲínan a fɔ́ɔ ma yen i báti sɛ̀nɛ kɛ́ɛ yan ɲínan a fɔ́ɔ ma yen 2SG PRF field do that this.year 3SG say 1PL for pron pm n v pron adv pron v pron pp

sp

ɔ́n tùma ma si básè.. ma s' a kɔ́ɔ básè ɓáyru a máa kɛ́ndɛ   Then we will give him medicine, becaus this is not sane ɔ́n tùma ma si básè ma s a kɔ́ɔ básè ɓáyru a máa kɛ́ndɛ ɔ́n tùma ma si bási È ma si a kɔ́ɔ bási È ɓáyri a máa kɛ́ndɛ ETRG.PUL time 1PL if medicine -ART 1PL POT 3SG give medicine -ART because 3SG NEG.COP right pron n pron conj n -mrph pron pm pron v n -mrph conj pron cop adj

sp	áwà, ma i álla tára-len mín nà   Well, that's what we're praying about to God áwà ma i álla táralen mín nà áwà ma bi álla tára len mín là well 1PL be God beg -PC.RES REL LOC itj pron cop n v -mrph n pp

sp

álla ta múuyɛ ma la kɛɛ.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ sìgi júllɛrɛ tɔ   that God should lead our peopl got power álla ta múuyɛ ma la kɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ sìgi júllɛrɛ tɔ álla ta múuyɛ ma la kɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È sìgi júllɛrɛ tɔ God PRF wish 1PL POSS this 1PL POSS man -ART sit chair in n pm v pron conj pron pron conj n -mrph v n pp

sp	ála m' a.. ála m' a áynɛ-la   that God guards him ála m a ála m a áynɛla álla mu a álla mu a áynɛ la God IDENT 3SG God IDENT 3SG guard -GER n cop pron n cop pron v -mrph

sp	ála mu.. ála mu pɔ́lgalɛ̀ dín a ma   that God should give him the power ála mu ála mu pɔ́lgalɛ̀ dín a ma álla mu álla mu pɔ́lgal È díi a ma God IDENTGod IDENT ETRG.PUL -ART give 3SG to n cop cop n -mrph v pron pp

sp	a ni mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dánkun   and he would care for people a ni mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù dánkun a ni mɔ̀gɔ È nù dánkun 3SG OPT man -ART -PL look.after pron pm n -mrph -mrph v

sp	álla fɛ̀ɛrɛɛ̀ dín-na a ma, a nin híjaabuè   that God gives him the means and protection álla fɛ̀ɛrɛɛ̀ dínna a ma a nin híjaabuè álla fɛ̀ɛrɛ È díi la a ma a nin híjaabu È God means -ART give -GER 3SG to 3SG and ETRG.PUL -ART n n -mrph v -mrph pron pp pron conj n -mrph

sp

ka a la gáɲɔɛ̀nù káni an sàgɔɛ̀ wő sɔ̀tɔ a ma   and that God makes that his enemies don't get their wishes on him ka a la gáɲɔɛ̀nù káni an sàgɔɛ̀ wő sɔ̀tɔ a ma ka a la gáɲɔ È nù káni anu sàgɔ È wő sɔ̀tɔ a ma and 3SG POSS ETRG.PUL -ART -PL IMP.NEG 3PL wish -ART UNIV get 3SG to conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm pron n -mrph dtm v pron pp

sp

mɛ wo le k' a máa bìi ɛɛ n de nin kɛɛ nun, ma kúmata kàbí ma yíidɛta sàguè ma   That how it is that we're talking with this one since the time we saw each other in the morning. mɛ wo le k a máa bìi ɛɛ n de nin kɛɛ nun ma kúmata kàbí ma yíidɛta sàguè ma mɛ wo le ka a máa bìi ɛɛ n le nin kɛɛ nun ma kúma ta kàbí ma yíidɛ ta sàgu È ma ETRG.FR that FOC PST.TR 3SG do now HESIT 1SG FOC and this RETR 1PL speak -PST.INTR since 1PL visit -PST.INTR morning -ART to conj pron prt pm pron v adv itj pron prt conj pron prt pron v -mrph conj pron v -mrph n -mrph pp

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háray n bi nàa-la túzur kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là séeɗa, kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là dónden de, dónden   Now I will return a little bit back. háray n bi nàala túzur kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là séeɗa kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là dónden de dónden háray n bi nàa la túzur kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là séeɗa kɔ́ma ɲɔ́ɔ là dónden le dónden so 1SG be come -GER ETRG.FR space.behind that LOC ETRG.PUL space.behind that LOC little FOC little itj pron cop v -mrph part pp pron pp adv pp pron pp adv prt adv

sp	ɛɛ n k a fɔ́ɔ náanɛn   I said previously ɛɛ n k a fɔ́ɔ náanɛn ɛɛ n ka a fɔ́ɔ náanɛn HESIT 1SG PST.TR 3SG say before itj pron pm pron v adv

sp

Sáajoma Dámue de nàata Pɔ́ɔpɔdara án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z   Saajoma Damue came to Poopodara in 1896 Sáajoma Dámue de nàata Pɔ́ɔpɔdara án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z Sáajoma Dámue le nàa ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn sɛ́z NOM.M NOM.CL FOC come -PST.INTR TOPON ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR n.prop n.prop prt v -mrph n.prop prep num num num

sp

ɛɛ tìbáabuènù nin Sáamɔdu hári an bi ɲɔ́gɔn bìta-len   The white people and Saamodu, they fought with each other ɛɛ tìbáabuènù nin Sáamɔdu hári an bi ɲɔ́gɔn bìtalen ɛɛ tìbáabu È nù nin Sáamɔdu hári anu bi ɲɔ́gɔn bìta len HESIT white.man -ART -PL and NOM.M but 3PL be one.another seize -PC.RES itj n -mrph -mrph conj n.prop prt pron cop pron v -mrph

sp	ɓáyi an ta ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   when they affronted each other, ɓáyi an ta ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ ɓáy anu ta ɲɔ́gɔn bìta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ as 3PL PRF one.another seize there conj pron pm pron v adv

sp

Sáajoma Dámue bòrita.. bòrita màninkáànù báta ɲɔ́ɔ là, an dònta Fúuta   Saajoma Damue fled to Maninka and came to Fouta Djallon. Sáajoma Dámue bòrita bòrita màninkáànù báta ɲɔ́ɔ là an dònta Fúuta Sáajoma Dámue bòri ta bòri ta màninká È nù báta ɲɔ́ɔ là anu dòn ta Fúuta NOM.M NOM.CL run -PST.INTR run -PST.INTR maninka -ART -PL at that LOC 3PL enter -PST.INTR TOPON n.prop n.prop v -mrph v -mrph n -mrph -mrph n.loc pron pp pron v -mrph n.prop

sp	ɓáy an ta dòn Fúuta,   When he came to Futa ɓáy an ta dòn Fúuta ɓáy anu ta dòn Fúuta as 3PL PRF enter TOPON conj pron pm v n.prop

sp	an nàata án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn dízwit   he arrived in 1898 an nàata án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn dízwit anu nàa ta án mílwisan kátrɛwɛn dízwit 3PL come -PST.INTR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR pron v -mrph prep num num num

sp	an dònta Fúuta   he came to Fouta Djallon. an dònta Fúuta anu dòn ta Fúuta 3PL enter -PST.INTR TOPON pron v -mrph n.prop

sp

Sáajoma Dámue ɛɛ.. a nin Máama Bárikinbe, an bɛ̀n-ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   Saajoma Damue and Mama Barikinbe, they met in Poopodara Sáajoma Dámue ɛɛ a nin Máama Bárikinbe an bɛ̀nta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara Sáajoma Dámue ɛɛ a nin Máama Bárikinbe anu bɛ̀n ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara NOM.M NOM.CL HESIT 3SG and NOM.M NOM.F 3PL meet -PST.INTR TOPON n.prop n.prop itj pronconj n.prop n.prop pron v -mrph n.prop

sp	Máama Bárikinbe tún wo ɲɔ́ɔ tága-ta ɛɛ Kùntɛ́nbɛ   Mama Barike went to Kuntenbe Máama Bárikinbe tún wo ɲɔ́ɔ tágata ɛɛ Kùntɛ́nbɛ Máama Bárikinbe tún wo ɲɔ́ɔ tága ta ɛɛ Kùntɛ́nbɛ NOM.M NOM.F only that that go -PST.INTR HESIT TOPON n.prop n.prop prt pron pron v -mrph itj n.prop

sp	Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔ, a ka lɛ̀ɛmúnɛ̀ dóo kíi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   In Kuntembe, he planted an orange tree. Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔ a ka lɛ̀ɛmúnɛ̀ dóo kíi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔ a ka lɛ̀ɛmúnɛ È dóo kíi ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ TOPON that 3SG PST.TR orange -ART one plant there n.prop pron pron pm n -mrph n v adv

sp

ɓá Sáajoma Dámue wo ɲɔ́ɔ tóota Pɔ́ɔpɔdara.. Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ, a ka tɔ́gɛ̀ lɔ̀ɔ   Saajoma Damue stayed in Poopodara and he made a smithy there. ɓá Sáajoma Dámue wo ɲɔ́ɔ tóota Pɔ́ɔpɔdara Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a ka tɔ́gɛ̀ lɔ̀ɔ ɓáy Sáajoma Dámue wo ɲɔ́ɔ tóo ta Pɔ́ɔpɔdara Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a ka tɔ́gɔ È lɔ̀ɔ as NOM.M NOM.CL that that leave -PST.INTR TOPON TOPON there 3SG PST.TR hut -ART build conj n.prop n.prop pron pron v -mrph n.prop n.prop adv pron pm n -mrph v

sp	a ka tɔ́gɛ̀ lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   He made a smithy there. a ka tɔ́gɛ̀ lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a ka tɔ́gɔ È lɔ̀ɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ 3SG PST.TR hut -ART build there pron pm n -mrph v adv

sp	háa bìi wo tɔ́gɛ̀ bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   till now this smithy is there háa bìi wo tɔ́gɛ̀ bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ háa bìi wo tɔ́gɔ È bi Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ until now that hut -ART be TOPON there conj adv pron n -mrph cop n.prop adv

sp

Máama Bárikinbe tóota ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díssɛt   Maama Barikinbe stayed there intil 1897. Máama Bárikinbe tóota ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díssɛt Máama Bárikinbe tóo ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díssɛt NOM.M NOM.F leave -PST.INTR there ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR n.prop n.prop v -mrph adv num num num

sp

háa mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díznɛf, a ɛ́ggita Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ, a tágata Mìsíidɛ tɔ   Untill 1899, then he left Kuntenbe, and went to Misiide. háa mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díznɛf a ɛ́ggita Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a tágata Mìsíidɛ tɔ háa mílnɛfsan kátrɛwɛn díznɛf a ɛ́ggi ta Kùntɛ́nbɛ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ a tága ta Mìsíidɛ tɔ until ETRG.FR ETRG.FR ETRG.FR 3SG ETRG.PUL -PST.INTR TOPON there 3SG go -PST.INTR place in conj num num num pron v -mrph n.prop adv pron v -mrph n

sp	áwà Sáajoma Dámue k' a dɛ̀ɛman   Saajoma Damue helped him áwà Sáajoma Dámue k a dɛ̀ɛman áwà Sáajoma Dámue ka a dɛ̀ɛman well NOM.M NOM.CL PST.TR 3SG help itj n.prop n.prop pm pron v

sp

a ka bùgéè dóo lɔ̀ɔ Mìsíidɛ tɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ, an tóo-ta ɲɔ́ɔ, an de nin an na mùséènù   He built a straw hut there and he stayed there, he and his wife. a ka bùgéè dóo lɔ̀ɔ Mìsíidɛ tɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ an tóota ɲɔ́ɔ an de nin an na mùséènù a ka bùgu È dóo lɔ̀ɔ Mìsíidɛ tɔ ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ anu tóo ta ɲɔ́ɔ anu le nin anu la mùsu È nù 3SG PST.TR shelter -ART one build TOPON in there 3PL leave -PST.INTR that 3PL FOC and 3PL POSS woman -ART -PL pron pm n -mrph n v n.prop pp adv pron v -mrph pron pron prt conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph

sp	háa an.. an. úudɛta   till they were numerous háa an an úudɛta háa anu anu úudɛ ta much 3PL 3PL ?ETRG.PUL -PST.INTR adv pron pron v -mrph

sp	an sìyata dónden dónden, dónden dónden   They became numerous little by little. an sìyata dónden dónden dónden dónden anu sìya ta dónden dónden dónden dónden 3PL be.numerous -PST.INTR little little little little pron v -mrph adv adv adv adv

sp

an ɛ́ggita nɔn.. an na mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù.. Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ nɔn, dóonù tùgun ɛ́ggita ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ kà tága Ɲágara   then they left Poopodara and came to Gnagara an ɛ́ggita nɔn an na mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ nɔn dóonù tùgun ɛ́ggita ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ kà tága Ɲágara anu ɛ́ggi ta nɔn anu la mɔ̀gɔ È nù Pɔ́ɔpɔdara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ nɔn dóo nù tùgun ɛ́ggi ta ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ kà tága Ɲágara 3PL ETRG.PUL -PST.INTR but 3PL POSS man -ART -PL TOPON there but one -PL again ETRG.PUL -PST.INTR there SEQ go TOPON pron v -mrph itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph n.prop adv itj n -mrph adv v -mrph adv conj v n.prop

sp

won de bi Káliya, túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Káliya, wonù fów bɔ́ɔ-len Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le   They are in Kaliya, the part which is called Kaliya, they all came from Poopodara. won de bi Káliya túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Káliya wonù fów bɔ́ɔlen Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le wo nù le bi Káliya túnbɛrɛ mín tɔ́gɔ Káliya wo nù főo bɔ́ɔ len Pɔ́ɔpɔdara le that -PL FOC be TOPON ETRG.PUL REL name TOPON that -PL UNIV leave -PC.RES TOPON FOC pron -mrph prt cop n.prop n n n n.prop pron -mrph dtm v -mrph n.prop prt

sp

hári dó máni fàga Ɲágara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Káliya, an si fùréè róndi an n' a dòni háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara   When someone is dead in Gnagara, they would carry the corpse on head to Poopodara hári dó máni fàga Ɲágara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Káliya an si fùréè róndi an n a dòni háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara hári dóo máni fàga Ɲágara ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ Káliya anu si fùre róndi anu ni a dòni háa Pɔ́ɔpɔdara but one COND die TOPON there TOPON 3PL POT corpse carry 3PL OPT 3SG transport until TOPON prt n pm v n.prop adv n.prop pron pm n v pron pm pron v conj n.prop

sp	bon, kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ta sìya kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀   but as there are a lot of people there now bon kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyru mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù ta sìya kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ bon kɔ̀nɔ ɓáyri mɔ̀gɔ È nù ta sìya kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ ETRG.FR but because man -ART -PL PRF be.numerous now itj conj conj n -mrph -mrph pm v adv

sp

kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn, an máni fàga ɲɔ́ɔ là an bi súrrɛ-la ɲɔ́ɔ là le   But now, when they die there, they are buried there. kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn an máni fàga ɲɔ́ɔ là an bi súrrɛla ɲɔ́ɔ là le kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn anu máni fàga ɲɔ́ɔ là anu bi súrrɛ la ɲɔ́ɔ là le now but 3PL COND die that LOC 3PL be ETRG.PUL -GER that LOC FOC adv itj pron pm v pron pp pron cop v -mrph pron pp prt

sp	háray.. kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù   But our people háray kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù háray kɔ̀nɔ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù so but but 1PL POSS man -ART -PL itj conj itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph

sp

ɛɛ wo le ka sábuè kɛ́ɛ háa kɛɛ kúma bɔ́ɔ-ta, ɓáyru hári an ta bɔ́ɔ an báta, an nàa-den Fúuta káamin, an tíi nɔn fúla kúlè là   This is the reason why the language appeared, because they left from their place, when they came to Futa they couldn't speak Pular ɛɛ wo le ka sábuè kɛ́ɛ háa kɛɛ kúma bɔ́ɔta ɓáyru hári an ta bɔ́ɔ an báta an nàaden Fúuta káamin an tíi nɔn fúla kúlè là ɛɛ wo le ka sábu È kɛ́ɛ háa kɛɛ kúma bɔ́ɔ ta ɓáyri hári anu ta bɔ́ɔ anu báta anu la Fúuta káamin anu báti nɔn fúla kúlu È là HESIT that FOC PST.TR support -ART do until this speech leave -PST.INTR because but 3PL PRF leave 3PL at 3PL POSS TOPON when 3PL PRF but fula voice -ART LOC itj pron prt pm n -mrph v conj pron n v -mrph conj prt pron pm v pron n.loc pron conj n.prop adv pron pm itj n n -mrph pp

sp	wo le k' máa háa kɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔ-ta   that's how Kakabe appeared wo le k máa háa kɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔta wo le ka máa háa kɛɛ kákkabɛ bɔ́ɔ ta that FOC PST.TR do until this kakkabe leave -PST.INTR pron prt pm v conj pron n v -mrph

sp	háray ma si yɛ́wuti lún dóo tùgun   we will talk another day after this háray ma si yɛ́wuti lún dóo tùgun háray ma si yɛ́wuti lún dóo tùgun so 1PL POT talk day one again itj pron pm v n n adv

sp

álla mán' a múuyɛ, ma le.. ma le nin kɛɛ tìbáabuènù ma ni yíidɛ ma si yɛ́wuti, ɓúri kɛɛ yan   If God wills, we meet wit this white person and we would talk more about that. álla mán a múuyɛ ma le ma le nin kɛɛ tìbáabuènù ma ni yíidɛ ma si yɛ́wuti ɓúri kɛɛ yan álla máni a múuyɛ ma le ma le nin kɛɛ tìbáabu È nù ma ni yíidɛ ma si yɛ́wuti ɓúri kɛɛ yan God COND 3SG wish 1PL FOC 1PL FOC and this white.man -ART -PL 1PL OPT visit 1PL POT talk ETRG.PUL this that n pm pron v pron prt pron prt conj pron n -mrph -mrph pron pm v pron pm v v pron pron

sp

háray n ta táarika nun.. n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ka táarika nun mín dín n ma háray   The story that my mother told me, háray n ta táarika nun n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ka táarika nun mín dín n ma háray háray n ta táarika nun n nɛ̀ɛnɛ ka táarika nun mín díi n ma háray so 1SG PRF tale RETR 1SG mother PST.TR tale RETR REL give 1SG to so itj pron pm n prt pron n pm n prt n v pron pp itj

sp	n de, n bi a wíndɛlen   I've got it written n de n bi a wíndɛlen n le n bi a wíndɛ len 1SG FOC 1SG be 3SG write -PC.RES pron prt pron cop pron v -mrph

sp	háray n ta an fów tɔ-ɲíni   I've searched through all the circomstances of the story háray n ta an fów tɔɲíni háray n ta anu főo tɔ ɲínin so 1SG PRF 3PL UNIV REP- look.for itj pron pm pron dtm mrph- v

sp	n n' a.. ɔ́n tùma ma yɛ́wuti   now we're talking n n a ɔ́n tùma ma yɛ́wuti n ni a ɔ́n tùma ma yɛ́wuti 1SG OPT 3SG ETRG.PUL time 1PL talk pron pm pron pron n pron v

sp	fɛ́n kélɗilen ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ   about serious things fɛ́n kélɗilen ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ fɛ́n kélɗi len ɲɔ́ɔndɛtɔ thing be.important -PC.RES there n v -mrph adv

sp

ɛɛ wo le k a máa n de Fúla Kɛ́yta, n ka kɛɛ yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ̀ dín.. kɛɛ tìbáabuènù fɛ bìi   This is why me, Fula Keyta, I'm talking with this white person. ɛɛ wo le k a máa n de Fúla Kɛ́yta n ka kɛɛ yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ̀ dín kɛɛ tìbáabuènù fɛ bìi ɛɛ wo le ka a máa n le Fúla Kɛ́yta n ka kɛɛ yɛ̀wtɛ́rɛ È díi kɛɛ tìbáabu È nù fɛ bìi HESIT that FOC PST.TR 3SG do 1SG FOC NOM.M NOM 1SG PST.TR this discussion -ART give this white.man -ART -PL with now itj pron prt pm pron v pron prt n.prop n.prop pron pm pron n -mrph v pron n -mrph -mrph pp adv

sp	ɛɛ an si mín na-tànbi   and she will pass this futher. ɛɛ an si mín natànbi ɛɛ anu si mín la tànbi HESIT 3PL POT REL CAUS- pass itj pron pm n mrph- v

sp

ɓáyru háray n de tìgi háray wo súfa.. n bi wo súfa tɔ-ɲíni-la, wássalam   Because I've looked into the circumstances myself, peace be with you! ɓáyru háray n de tìgi háray wo súfa n bi wo súfa tɔɲínila wássalam ɓáyri háray n le tìgi háray wo súfa n bi wo súfa tɔ ɲínin la wássalam because so 1SG FOC self so that resembling 1SG be that resembling REP- look.for -GER ETRG.AR conj itj pron prt dtm itj pron n pron cop pron n mrph- v -mrph itj