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MamJ

ɛɛ.. dóoènù k' a tàa nun, kɛ́ɛnù máamasɔrɔ   The other married her, his grand grandfather (he is talking about the grand grand father of Kerno Umar, inhabintant of Kurupanpa, who is standing at the back, with a white had and a brown shawl over his white shirt) ɛɛ dóoènù k a tàa nun kɛ́ɛnù máamasɔrɔ ɛɛ dóo È nù kà a tàa nun kɛɛ nù máamasɔrɔ ur one -ART -PL SEQ 3SG take RETR this -PL great.great.grandfather itj n -mrph -mrph conj pron v prt pron -mrph n

MamJ

kɛ́ɛnù máamasɔrɔ nin Sàati Mála, anu gɛ̀rɛta mànsáyà fɛ, ha̋a anu kɔ̀rita   his grand grand father and Saati Mala, they fought for power till they were tired. kɛ́ɛnù máamasɔrɔ nin Sàati Mála anu gɛ̀rɛta mànsáyà fɛ ha̋a anu kɔ̀rita kɛɛ nù máamasɔrɔ nin Sàati Mála anu gɛ̀rɛ ta mànsáya È fɛ háa anu kɔ̀ri ta this -PL great.great.grandfather and NOM.M NOM.M 3PL quarell -PST.INTR power -ART with as.far.as 3PL fail.to -PST.INTR pron -mrph n conj n.prop n.prop pron v -mrph n -mrph pp conj pron v -mrph

MamJ

ɓá ma le ma nɔ́ɔ-len de nun ma kɔ́lɔnizɛ-len tìbáabuènù nin fúlan' de bólo   We were colonized by white people and Fulbe. ɓá ma le ma nɔ́ɔlen de nun ma kɔ́lɔnizɛlen tìbáabuènù nin fúlan de bólo ɓáy ma le ma nɔ́n len le nun ma kɔ́lɔnizɛ len tìbáabu È nù nin fúla nù le bólo as 1PL FOC 1PL can -PC.RES FOC RETR 1PL colonize -PC.RES white.man -ART -PL and fula -PL FOC arm conj pron prt pron v -mrph prt prt pron v -mrph n -mrph -mrph conj n -mrph prt n

MamJ

ma le n de ɔn bi mín máanditɛ-len, n bi wo le fɔ́ɔ-la wo yen   We, that what I remember is that what I tell to you. ma le n de ɔn bi mín máanditɛlen n bi wo le fɔ́ɔla wo yen ma le n le ɔn bi mín máanditɛ len n bi wo le fɔ́ɔ la wo yen 1PL FOC 1SG FOC DISC be which remember -PC.RES 1SG be that FOC say -GER 2PL for pron prt pron prt part cop n v -mrph pron cop pron prt v -mrph pron pp

MamJ

ma i pɔ̀ɔrɛ́ɛ̀ sírɛ, ma i nùmúyà kɛ́ɛ, hári ma i wo főo máa-la le nun, kɔ̀nɔ ma nɔ́ɔ-len de nun nɔn hári   We wood remove the bark from the rubber tree, we were smiths, we did all this, but we were subdued. ma i pɔ̀ɔrɛ́ɛ̀ sírɛ ma i nùmúyà kɛ́ɛ hári ma i wo főo máala le nun kɔ̀nɔ ma nɔ́ɔlen de nun nɔn hári ma si pɔ̀ɔrɛ È sírɛ ma si nùmu ya È kɛ́ɛ hári ma bi wo főo máa la le nun kɔ̀nɔ ma nɔ́n len le nun nɔn hári 1PL POT caoutchouc -ART remove.bark 1PL POT smith -ABST -ART do but 1PL be that UNIV do -GER FOC RETR but 1PL can -PC.RES FOC RETR but but pron pm n -mrph v pron pm n -mrph -mrph v prt pron cop pron dtm v -mrph prt prt conj pron v -mrph prt prt itj prt

MamJ

ɛɛ n sàɲɛ́ɛ̀n' báti mín sɔ̀tɔ, n bát' a sɔ̀tɔ yan sàn bíwɔ́rɔwila a nin kɔ̀nɔntɔ   the age that I have now, it is seventy nine. ɛɛ n sàɲɛ́ɛ̀n báti mín sɔ̀tɔ n bát a sɔ̀tɔ yan sàn bíwɔ́rɔwila a nin kɔ̀nɔntɔ ɛɛ n sàn È nù báti mín sɔ̀tɔ n báti a sɔ̀tɔ yan sàn bí wɔ́rɔwila a nin kɔ̀nɔntɔ ur 1SG year -ART -PL PRF which get 1SG PRF 3SG get that year ten- seven 3SG and nine itj pron n -mrph -mrph pm n v pron pm pron v pron n num- num pron conj num

MamJ	fáyida, n bi bíságiɲɛ̀ le tɔ, fáyida   I'm almost in the eighties. fáyida n bi bíságiɲɛ̀ le tɔ fáyida fàhín n bi bí ságin È le tɔ fàhín DISC 1SG be ten- eight -ART FOC in DISC part pron cop num- num -mrph prt pp part

MamJ

kɔ̀nɔ n bi mín máanditɛ-len nun yan, hári ma béle tɔ-sɔ̀tɔ-len   That what I remembered, it's that before we were not in a good position. kɔ̀nɔ n bi mín máanditɛlen nun yan hári ma béle tɔsɔ̀tɔlen kɔ̀nɔ n bi mín máanditɛ len nun yan hári ma béle tɔ sɔ̀tɔ len but 1SG be which remember -PC.RES RETR that but 1PL COP.NEG REP- get -PC.RES conj pron cop n v -mrph prt pron prt pron cop mrph- v -mrph

MamJ

an si nàa, an si ma la-bɔ́ɔ, fóndo kólo ɛɛ.. sìise kíli, sìisé, nìngi, bàá, túlu   They used to come and take from us fonio, eggs, chicken, cows, sheep, oil an si nàa an si ma labɔ́ɔ fóndo kólo ɛɛ sìise kíli sìisé nìngi bàá túlu anu si nàa anu si ma la bɔ́ɔ fóndo kólo ɛɛ sìise kíli sìise nìngi bàa túlu 3PL POT come 3PL POT 1PL CAUS- leave fonio bone ur chiken egg chiken cow goat oil pron pm v pron pm pron mrph- v n n itj n n n n n n

MamJ	an ni ma la-róndi tùgun ma ni tága, an tàran   They made us carry it, we would go and find them an ni ma laróndi tùgun ma ni tága an tàran anu ni ma la róndin tùgun ma ni tága anu tàran 3PL OPT 1PL CAUS- carry again 1PL OPT go 3PL find pron pm pron mrph- v adv pron pm v pron v

MamJ	pɔ̀ɔrɛ́ɛ̀ sírɛ, ma n' tága, an tára   The rubber, we would go to them (to Fulbe) pɔ̀ɔrɛ́ɛ̀ sírɛ ma n tága an tára pɔ̀ɔrɛ È sírɛ ma ni tága anu tára caoutchouc -ART remove.bark 1PL OPT go 3PL pray n -mrph v pron pm v pron v

MamJ	wo le tóo-ta háa   It was so until wo le tóota háa wo le tóo ta háa that FOC leave -PST.INTR as.far.as pron prt v -mrph conj

MamJ

n de dòn-na lármɛ tɔ wáttè mín tɔ, hári won tùma, Sɛ́ɛku Tùrɛ́ dɛ̀pitɛ́ɛ̀ le   At the time when I went to army and the time whe Seku Ture was a deputy. n de dònna lármɛ tɔ wáttè mín tɔ hári won tùma Sɛ́ɛku Tùrɛ́ dɛ̀pitɛ́ɛ̀ le n le dòn la lármɛ tɔ wátti È mín tɔ hári wo nù tùma Sɛ́ɛku Tùrɛ́ dɛ̀pitɛ́ È le 1SG FOC enter -ACT.NMLZ army in time -ART which in but that -PL time Sekou NOM.CL deputy -ART FOC pron prt v -mrph n pp n -mrph n pp prt pron -mrph n n n n -mrph prt

MamJ

hári hàyi dɛ́pitɛya, a m' a sɔ̀tɔ, a tùgun hári a máa dɛ̀pitɛ́ya sɔ̀tɔ   he hand't become a deputy yet, fact. hári hàyi dɛ́pitɛya a m a sɔ̀tɔ a tùgun hári a máa dɛ̀pitɛ́ya sɔ̀tɔ hári hàyi dɛ a máa a sɔ̀tɔ a tùgun hári a máa dɛ̀pitɛ́ ya sɔ̀tɔ but even ETRG.FR 3SG NEG.COP 3SG get 3SG again but 3SG NEG.COP deputy -ABST get prt dtm prep pron cop pron v pron adv prt pron cop n -mrph v

MamJ	hári a máa dɛ̀pitɛ́ya sɔ̀tɔ, háray ɔ̀ya.. Jánwaadɔ..   he was not a deputy yes, at that time Janwaado hári a máa dɛ̀pitɛ́ya sɔ̀tɔ háray ɔ̀ya Jánwaadɔ hári a máa dɛ sɔ̀tɔ háray ɔ̀ya Jánwaadɔ but 3SG NEG.COP ETRG.FR get so faire NOM.M prt pron cop prep v itj v n.prop

MamJ	Jánwaadɔ le mànsaya-len nun ɔn tùma   At that time it was Janwado who was the governor. Jánwaadɔ le mànsayalen nun ɔn tùma Jánwaadɔ le mànsaya len nun ɔn tùma NOM.M FOC govern -PC.RES RETR DISC time n.prop prt v -mrph prt part n

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ ma le y' a la-bìta-la Tínbɔ lè nun   But we were in Timbo (lit. "we would anser to the name of Timbo"). kɔ̀nɔ ma le y a labìtala Tínbɔ lè nun kɔ̀nɔ ma le bi a la bìta la Tínbɔ le nun but 1PL FOC be 3SG CAUS- seize -GER TOPON FOC RETR conj pron prt cop pron mrph- v -mrph n.prop prt prt

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

ma si dònéè róndi yan, ma n' a wà Tínbɔ, ma n' a wà Bálɛ, ma n' a dòni Máamu   We used to carry weights, we went to Timbo, we went to Bale, and we carried it to Mamu. ma si dònéè róndi yan ma n a wà Tínbɔ ma n a wà Bálɛ ma n a dòni Máamu ma si do róndin yan ma ni a wà Tínbɔ ma ni a wà Bálɛ ma ni a dòni Máamu 1PL POT FOC.do carry that 1PL OPT 3SG go TOPON 1PL OPT 3SG go TOPON 1PL OPT 3SG transport TOPON pron pm prt v pron pron pm pron v n.prop pron pm pron v n.prop pron pm pron v n.prop

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	hári ɔn tùma, ma i wo le máa-la   At that time we did that. hári ɔn tùma ma i wo le máala hári ɔn tùma ma bi wo le máa la but DISC time 1PL be that FOC do -GER prt part n pron cop pron prt v -mrph

MamJ

ɛɛ n bi dòn-na sɛ́rvisɛ̀ là wáttuè mín tɔ, n de k' a fɔ́lɔ le nun yan, n ka sɛ́ppi háa ma kée-ta Kíndiya   when I started the army service, I started from here and went on foot to Kindiya. ɛɛ n bi dònna sɛ́rvisɛ̀ là wáttuè mín tɔ n de k a fɔ́lɔ le nun yan n ka sɛ́ppi háa ma kéeta Kíndiya ɛɛ n bi dòn la sɛ́rvisɛ È là wáatu È mín tɔ n le ka a fɔ́lɔ le nun yan n ka sɛ́ppi háa ma kée ta Kíndiya ur 1SG be enter -ACT.NMLZ service -ART LOC time -ART which in 1SG FOC PST.TR 3SG start FOC RETR that 1SG PST.TR go.on.foot as.far.as 1PL arrive -PST.INTR TOPON itj pron cop v -mrph n -mrph pp n -mrph n pp pron prt pm pron v prt prt pron pron pm v conj pron v -mrph n.prop

AmaM	wo kèɲɛ́ɛ̀nù   by your feet wo kèɲɛ́ɛ̀nù wo kèn È nù 2PL leg -ART -PL pron n -mrph -mrph

MamJ	ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ là   by our feet ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ là ma kèn È là 1PL leg -ART LOC pron n -mrph pp

chorus

mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	wo máata sɛ́nkant   it was in the year fifty wo máata sɛ́nkant wo máa ta sɛ́nkant that or -PST.INTR ETRG.FR pron conj -mrph num

AmaM	mílnɛfsansɛnkant   in 1950. mílnɛfsansɛnkant mílnɛfsansɛnkant ETRG.FR num

MamJ	mílnɛfsansɛnkant   in 1950 mílnɛfsansɛnkant mílnɛfsansɛnkant ETRG.FR num

AmaM

wo k' a wà.. wo k' a fɔ́lɔ yan wo sɛ́ppita háa Kíndiya   You went, you started and you went on foot till Kindiya. wo k a wà wo k a fɔ́lɔ yan wo sɛ́ppita háa Kíndiya wo ka a wà wo ka a fɔ́lɔ yan wo sɛ́ppi ta háa Kíndiya 2PL PST.TR 3SG go 2PL PST.TR 3SG start that 2PL go.on.foot -PST.INTR as.far.as TOPON pron pm pron v pron pm pron v pron pron v -mrph conj n.prop

MamJ

ma k' a sɛ́ppi, ma sɛ́ppi-ta, ma táata Máamu, Máamu káànù ka ma bóloka ɲɔ́ɔ, kó ma n' a wà Kíndiya, ma bìla-ta kúluɲɛ̀ tɔ, kúluɲɛ̀ páanɛ-ta   We went on foot, we came to Mamu, the people of Mamu left them there and told them to go to Kindiya, we took a train, but it broke down. ma k a sɛ́ppi ma sɛ́ppita ma táata Máamu Máamu káànù ka ma bóloka ɲɔ́ɔ kó ma n a wà Kíndiya ma bìlata kúluɲɛ̀ tɔ kúluɲɛ̀ páanɛta ma ka a sɛ́ppi ma sɛ́ppi ta ma tága ta Máamu Máamu káa È nù ka ma bóloka ɲɔ́ɔ kó ma ni a wà Kíndiya ma bìla ta kúlun È tɔ kúlun È páanɛ ta 1PL PST.TR 3SG go.on.foot 1PL go.on.foot -PST.INTR 1PL go -PST.INTR TOPON TOPON place -ART -PL PST.TR to leave that say 1PL OPT 3SG go TOPON 1PL plunge -PST.INTR pirogue -ART in pirogue -ART have.a.car.accident -PST.INTR pron pm pron v pron v -mrph pron v -mrph n.prop n.prop n -mrph -mrph pm pp v pron v pron pm pron v n.prop pron v -mrph n -mrph pp n -mrph v -mrph

MamJ

ɓá a ti páanɛ, ma jìgi-ta, ma s' a.. ma táata ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ là háa Kíndiya fàɲɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ   when it broke down, we went out and went on foot to Kindiya. ɓá a ti páanɛ ma jìgita ma s a ma táata ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ là háa Kíndiya fàɲɛ́ɛ̀ tɔ ɓáy a báti páanɛ ma jìgi ta ma si a ma táata ma kèn È là háa Kíndiya fàɲɛ È tɔ as 3SG PRF have.a.car.accident 1PL descend -PST.INTR 1PL POT 3SG 1PL elder.sibling 1PL leg -ART LOC as.far.as TOPON place -ART in conj pron pm v pron v -mrph pron pm pron pron n pron n -mrph pp conj n.prop n -mrph pp

AmaM	mhm!   yes mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM

wo la kìnáà bi wálè kɛ́ɛ-la nun ye wáttuè mín tɔ, ɓá hári an kɔ́lɔnizɛ-len nɔ̀ɔyáà b' anu kùnma nun   At the time when your parents worked, it was the time of colonization. wo la kìnáà bi wálè kɛ́ɛla nun ye wáttuè mín tɔ ɓá hári an kɔ́lɔnizɛlen nɔ̀ɔyáà b anu kùnma nun wo la kìna È bi wáli È kɛ́ɛ la nun ye wáatu È mín tɔ ɓáy hári anu kɔ́lɔnizɛ len nɔ̀ɔyá È bi anu kùnma nun 2PL POSS old.man -ART be work -ART do -GER RETR TRUTH.FOC time -ART which in as but 3PL colonize -PC.RES colonization -ART be 3PL head RETR pron conj n -mrph cop n -mrph v -mrph prt disc n -mrph n pp conj prt pron v -mrph n -mrph cop pron n prt

MamJ	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM

an na dámuènù, an b' a tàa-la nun an bólo le, káa káma le nun, ɓá a bi tàa-la le an bólo nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le nun   Their food, did they take it from them, or how? they took it from the because it was forced. an na dámuènù an b a tàala nun an bólo le káa káma le nun ɓá a bi tàala le an bólo nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le nun anu la dámu È nù anu bi a tàa la nun anu bólo le káa káma le nun ɓáy a bi tàa la le anu bólo nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le nun 3PL POSS eat -ART -PL 3PL be 3SG take -GER RETR 3PL arm FOC or.INTERR how FOC RETR as 3SG be take -GER FOC 3PL arm RETR forced.labour FOC RETR pron conj v -mrph -mrph pron cop pron v -mrph prt pron n prt conj adv prt prt conj pron cop v -mrph prt pron n prt n prt prt

MamJ	a bi táa-la le an bólon nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le   It was taken from them, it was forced. a bi táala le an bólon nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le a bi tága la le anu bólo nù nun fɔ̀rsɛ́ le 3SG be go -GER FOC 3PL arm -PL RETR forced.labour FOC pron cop v -mrph prt pron n -mrph prt n prt

MamJ

ani y' a fɔ́ɔ-la le, i le mín bɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ b' i bólo, an n' a fɔ́ɔ i ni kùn sàba máa kùn náani ɛɛ.. súman   They would say that, the little that you have, you have to measure three or four meausures. ani y a fɔ́ɔla le i le mín bɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ b i bólo an n a fɔ́ɔ i ni kùn sàba máa kùn náani ɛɛ súman anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la le i le mín bɛ̀rɛ È bi i bólo anu ni a fɔ́ɔ i ni kùn sàba máa kùn náani ɛɛ súman 3PL be 3SG say -GER FOC 2SG FOC which custom -ART be 2SG arm 3PL OPT 3SG say 2SG OPT head three or head four ur measure pron cop pron v -mrph prt pron prt n n -mrph cop pron n pron pm pron v pron pm n num conj n num itj v

MamJ

wo ni láa sɛ́ntuè tɔ, sáŋasaŋa-nden de dáa-la nun   it was put into "sentue" (Maka doesn't know the word, sort of basket probably), at that time the baskets sangasanga were made. wo ni láa sɛ́ntuè tɔ sáŋasaŋanden de dáala nun wo ni láa sɛ́ntu È tɔ sáŋasaŋa len le dáa la nun that OPT lie ? -ART in basket -PC.RES FOC make -GER RETR pron pm v n -mrph pp n -mrph prt v -mrph prt

MamJ

wo sáŋasaŋannɛ̀nù mán dáa, a i láa-la wo le tɔ, kà gúnbanbè fíta láa i n' a róndi, i n' a wà   When this baskets are made, it was put there, and the leaves of gunbanbe were put there adn you would put it on your head an go. wo sáŋasaŋannɛ̀nù mán dáa a i láala wo le tɔ kà gúnbanbè fíta láa i n a róndi i n a wà wo sáŋasaŋa len È nù máni dáa a bi láa la wo le tɔ kà gúnbanbe È fíta láa i ni a róndin i ni a wà that basket -PC.RES -ART -PL COND make 3SG be lie -GER that FOC in SEQ goumbambe -ART leaf lie 2SG OPT 3SG carry 2SG OPT 3SG go pron n -mrph -mrph -mrph pm v pron cop v -mrph pron prt pp conj n -mrph n v pron pm pron v pron pm pron v

MamJ

i mán tága Tínbɔ, màgasáɲɛ̀ bi ɲɔ́ɔ, i n' a láa sáaku máa de̋, i n' a la-bòyi ɲɔ́ɔ   When you go to Timbo, there is a center, you put it not in bags, you threw it there. i mán tága Tínbɔ màgasáɲɛ̀ bi ɲɔ́ɔ i n a láa sáaku máa de̋ i n a labòyi ɲɔ́ɔ i máni tága Tínbɔ màgasán È bi ɲɔ́ɔ i ni a láa sáaku máa dé i ni a la bòyi ɲɔ́ɔ 2SG COND go TOPON terminal -ART be that 2SG OPT 3SG lie bag NEG.COP EMPH 2SG OPT 3SG CAUS- fall that pron pm v n.prop n -mrph cop pron pron pm pron v n cop prt pron pm pron mrph- v pron

MamJ	i ni nàa   you come back i ni nàa i ni nàa 2SG OPT come pron pm v

MamJ

si an n' a fɛ́lɛ, si tàranta, a bá' tìɲa kílà là, háray i le ɔn i ti wálè sɔ̀tɔ, si i kálabantɛ máa. i i kálabantɛ le nɔn, a si máa, i ni i dɛ́bruyɛ ɲɔ́ɔ là, háray fɛ̋nfɛn máa máa   If they look and see that it had spoiled in the road, that you had problems, if you're a resistant person. I you are a resistant person, you would settle it and nothing would be done. si an n a fɛ́lɛ si tàranta a bá tìɲa kílà là háray i le ɔn i ti wálè sɔ̀tɔ si i kálabantɛ máa i i kálabantɛ le nɔn a si máa i ni i dɛ́bruyɛ ɲɔ́ɔ là háray fɛ̋nfɛn máa máa si anu ni a fɛ́lɛ si tàran ta a báti báti kíla È là háray i le ɔn i báti wáli È sɔ̀tɔ si i kálabantɛ máa i bi kálabantɛ le nɔn a si máa i ni i dɛ́bruyɛ ɲɔ́ɔ là háray fɛ̋nfɛn máa máa if 3PL OPT 3SG watch if find -PST.INTR 3SG PRF PRF road -ART LOC so 2SG FOC DISC 2SG PRF work -ART get if 2SG humbug NEG.COP 2SG be humbug FOC but 3SG POT do 2SG OPT 2SG ETRG.FR that LOC so something NEG.COP do conj pron pm pron v conj v -mrph pron pm pm n -mrph pp itj pron prt part pron pm n -mrph v conj pron n cop pron cop n prt itj pron pm v pron pm pron v pron pp itj n cop v

MamJ

ma y' a dòn-na ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀n' de là nɔn, ɔ́tɔ béle   we transported it by our feet, there were no cars ma y a dònna ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀n de là nɔn ɔ́tɔ béle ma bi a dòni la ma kèn È nù le là nɔn ɔ́tɔ béle 1PL be 3SG load -GER 1PL leg -ART -PL FOC LOC but car COP.NEG pron cop pron v -mrph pron n -mrph -mrph prt pp itj n cop

MamJ

ɛɛ ɔ́tɔ béle, wɛ́lɔ béle, móto béle, ma i táa-la ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ le là nun   there were no cars, no bycicles, no motorcycle, we went on our feet. ɛɛ ɔ́tɔ béle wɛ́lɔ béle móto béle ma i táala ma kèɲɛ́ɛ̀ le là nun ɛɛ ɔ́tɔ béle wɛ́lɔ béle móto béle ma bi tága la ma kèn È le là nun ur car COP.NEG bycicle COP.NEG motorcycle COP.NEG 1PL be go -GER 1PL leg -ART FOC LOC RETR itj n cop n cop n cop pron cop v -mrph pron n -mrph prt pp prt

MamJ	háa ma ni kée ɲɔ́ɔ là   to come there. háa ma ni kée ɲɔ́ɔ là háa ma ni kée ɲɔ́ɔ là as.far.as 1PL OPT arrive that LOC conj pron pm v pron pp

MamJ

bon, i si nìngéè tùgun tàa, i n' a dòni Tínbɔ, máa bàâ, máa sìiséè, i n' a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là. i mán' a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là tùgun, fűs béle wo tɛ́ɛma i b' a díi-la an fɛ le tún, i ni nàa.   Well, then you would take a cow and carry it to Tinbo, or a goat or a chicken and carry it there. When you've carried it there, there's nothing between you, you just give it to them and you go home. bon i si nìngéè tùgun tàa i n a dòni Tínbɔ máa bàâ máa sìiséè i n a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là i mán a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là tùgun fűs béle wo tɛ́ɛma i b a díila an fɛ le tún i ni nàa bon i si nìngí È tùgun tàa i ni a dòni Tínbɔ máa bàa máa sìise È i ni a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là i máni a dòni ɲɔ́ɔ là tùgun fűs béle wo tɛ́ɛma i bi a dín la anu fɛ le tún i ni nàa ETRG.FR 2SG POT cow -ART again take 2SG OPT 3SG transport TOPON or goat or chiken -ART 2SG OPT 3SG transport that LOC 2SG COND 3SG transport that LOC again nothing COP.NEG that between 2SG be 3SG give -GER 3PL with FOC jump 2SG OPT come itj pron pm n -mrph adv v pron pm pron v n.prop conj n conj n -mrph pron pm pron v pron pp pron pm pron v pron pp adv n cop pron n.loc pron cop pron v -mrph pron pp prt v pron pm v

MamJ	an béle i bálu-la, an béle fɛ̋nfɛn máa-la   And they didn't feed you, they didn't do anything. an béle i bálula an béle fɛ̋nfɛn máala anu béle i bálu la anu béle fɛ̋nfɛn ma 3PL COP.NEG 2SG be.alive -GER 3PL COP.NEG something to pron cop pron v -mrph pron cop n pp

AmaM	an tée wo yɔ́gɔ   They didn't pay you for it. an tée wo yɔ́gɔ anu tée wo yɔ́gɔ 3PL NEG.POT that pay pron pm pron v

MamJ	kà i yɔ́gɔ?   to pay you? kà i yɔ́gɔ kà i yɔ́gɔ SEQ 2SG pay conj pron v

chorus

an tée wo kɔ́ɔ   they didn't give you anything. an tée wo kɔ́ɔ anu tée wo kɔ́ɔ 3PL NEG.POT that give pron pm pron v

MamJ

a sáŋasaŋa.. a sáŋasaŋa, si sìiséèn' tágata, háray i ti prɔ́blɛm sɔ̀tɔ   the basket (if it's broken) if the chicken go away, you get problems. a sáŋasaŋa a sáŋasaŋa si sìiséèn tágata háray i ti prɔ́blɛm sɔ̀tɔ a sáŋasaŋa a sáŋasaŋa si sìise È nù tága ta háray i báti prɔ́blɛm sɔ̀tɔ 3SG basket 3SG basket if chiken -ART -PL go -PST.INTR so 2SG PRF ETRG.FR get pron n pron n conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph itj pron pm n v

MamJ

si sìiséènù bɔ́ɔ-ta an fúutɛ-ta i bólo, háray a ti máa nánbara là   If the chicken escape from you, you've got problems. si sìiséènù bɔ́ɔta an fúutɛta i bólo háray a ti máa nánbara là si sìise È nù bɔ́ɔ ta anu fúutɛ ta bi bólo háray a báti máa nánbara là if chiken -ART -PL leave -PST.INTR 3PL slacken -PST.INTR be arm so 3SG PRF do problem LOC conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph pron v -mrph cop n itj pron pm v n pp

AmaM	an si wo tìgi tɔ́ɔrɔ kóoben   They would torment the person. an si wo tìgi tɔ́ɔrɔ kóoben anu si wo tìgi tɔ́ɔrɔ kóoben 3PL POT that owner suffer much pron pm pron n v adv

MamJ

a̋! an si nàa i la-yɔ́gɔ kà i dòni kàsoè là tóode   They would come and make you pay and then they send you to prison. a̋ an si nàa i layɔ́gɔ kà i dòni kàsoè là tóode á anu si nàa i la yɔ́gɔ kà i dòni ka là tóode a! 3PL POT come 2SG CAUS- pay SEQ 2SG transport PST.TR LOC ETRG.PUL itj pron pm v pron mrph- v conj pron v pm pp itj

AmaM	mhm?   mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	ɛ́ɛyi, ɔn tùma ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa,   yes, at that time, at that time ɛ́ɛyi ɔn tùma ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa ɛ́ɛy ɔn tùma ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa yes DISC time that level itj part n pron n.loc

AmaM	ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa   at that time ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa that level pron n.loc

AmaM

fɛ́n de.. dɔ́nk, háray wo le b' a máa-len, wo ma nin kɛɛ tɛ́ɛma nɔn, an fàtan-den de? kàn dóon' tɔ i mán' a wà, i s' a tàran, páanɛ bóɲɛ̀ sìya-len   So, this is the reason why there is a difference between us and them? In some places, when you go there, you would see that there are a lot of metal roof houses, fɛ́n de dɔ́nk háray wo le b a máalen wo ma nin kɛɛ tɛ́ɛma nɔn an fàtanden de kàn dóon tɔ i mán a wà i s a tàran páanɛ bóɲɛ̀ sìyalen fɛ́n le dɔ́nk háray wo le bi a máa len wo ma nin kɛɛ tɛ́ɛma nɔn anu fàtan len le kàn dóo nù tɔ i máni a wà i si a tàran páanɛ bón È sìya len thing FOC ETRG.FR so that FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES 2PL 1PL and this between but 3PL division -PC.RES FOC place one -PL in 2SG COND 3SG go 2SG POT 3SG find have.a.car.accident house -ART be.numerous -PC.RES n prt itj itj pron prt cop pron v -mrph pronpron conj pron n.loc itj pron n -mrph prt n.loc n -mrph pp pron pm pron v pron pm pron v v n -mrph v -mrph

AmaM

ɛɛ.. nàafúlè i sìya-len, kɔ̀nɔ wo ma le, fàtafíɲɛ̀nù, yɔ̀ɲɛ́ɛ̀nù, ma le mínnù bi kákkabɛ fɔ́ɔ-la,   and there are a lot of things, and we, the africans, the slaves, we, who speak kakkabe ɛɛ nàafúlè i sìyalen kɔ̀nɔ wo ma le fàtafíɲɛ̀nù yɔ̀ɲɛ́ɛ̀nù ma le mínnù bi kákkabɛ fɔ́ɔla ɛɛ nàafúlu È bi sìya len kɔ̀nɔ wo ma le fàtafín È nù yɔ̀n È nù ma le mín nù bi kákkabɛ fɔ́ɔ la ur wealth -ART be be.numerous -PC.RES but 2PL 1PL FOC African -ART -PL slave -ART -PL 1PL FOC which -PL be kakkabe say -GER itj n -mrph cop v -mrph conj pron pron prt n -mrph -mrph n -mrph -mrph pron prt n -mrph cop n v -mrph

AmaM

i mán' a wà sóo wő sóo fáyida tígitigi hàyi sìgi dúla i t' a sɔ̀tɔ   Any place where you go, you cannot even get a chair. i mán a wà sóo wő sóo fáyida tígitigi hàyi sìgi dúla i t a sɔ̀tɔ i máni a wà sóo wő sóo fàhín tígitigi hàyi sìgi dúla i tée a sɔ̀tɔ 2SG COND 3SG go village UNIV village DISC exactly even sit place 2SG NEG.POT 3SG get pron pm pron v n dtm n part itj dtm v n.loc pron pm pron v

AmaM

dɔ́nk, wo le máa-len tɔ́ɔrɛ̀ là wo ma kùnma kà kée bìi, káa káma le?   So that's what brought suffering on us till present, or how is it? dɔ́nk wo le máalen tɔ́ɔrɛ̀ là wo ma kùnma kà kée bìi káa káma le dɔ́nk wo le máa len tɔ́ɔrɔ È là wo ma kùnma kà kée bìi káa káma le ETRG.FR that FOC do -PC.RES suffer -ART LOC 2PL 1PL head SEQ arrive now or.INTERR how FOC itj pron prt v -mrph v -mrph pp pron pron n conj v adv conj adv prt

MamJ

wo.. n n' a fɔ́ɔ wo yen mín k' a máa háa an ka kɛ́ɛ kúma yɛ̀lɛmán, an kó kákkaɓɛ, fúlan de   I will tell you, how is that that they have changed the word and that they say "kakkabe", the Fulbe. wo n n a fɔ́ɔ wo yen mín k a máa háa an ka kɛ́ɛ kúma yɛ̀lɛmán an kó kákkaɓɛ fúlan de wo n ni a fɔ́ɔ wo yen mín ka a máa háa anu ka kɛɛ kúma yɛ̀lɛmán anu kó kákkabɛ fúla nù le that 1SG OPT 3SG say 2PL for which PST.TR 3SG do as.far.as 3PL PST.TR this speech turn.into 3PL say kakkabe fula -PL FOC pron pron pm pron v pron pp n pm pron v conj pron pm pron n v pron v n n -mrph prt

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	a tɔ́gɔ le kán fíɲɛ̀   it is called "black language" a tɔ́gɔ le kán fíɲɛ̀ a tɔ́gɔ le kán fìn È 3SG name FOC neck black -ART pron n prt n adj -mrph

AmaM	kán fíɲɛ̀   black language kán fíɲɛ̀ kán fìn È neck black -ART n adj -mrph

MamJ	kán fíɲɛ̀, wo le fɔ́ɔ-la nun   "black language" this was told before. kán fíɲɛ̀ wo le fɔ́ɔla nun kán fìn È wo le fɔ́ɔ la nun neck black -ART that FOC say -GER RETR n adj -mrph pron prt v -mrph prt

AmaM	wi   yes wi wi ETRG.FR itj

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ fúla, an de tée sɔ̀n wo ni fɔ́ɔ   But Fulbe didn't want it to be said kɔ̀nɔ fúla an de tée sɔ̀n wo ni fɔ́ɔ kɔ̀nɔ fúla anu le tée sɔ̀n wo ni fɔ́ɔ but fula 3PL FOC NEG.POT agree that OPT say conj n pron prt pm v pron pm v

AmaM	mhm   yes mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

a n' a fɔ́ɔ kákkaɓɛ, wo kákkaɓɛ bi mín fírɛ-len, kó háaɓɛ   They said "kakkabe" and it is translated as "slave workers" a n a fɔ́ɔ kákkaɓɛ wo kákkaɓɛ bi mín fírɛlen kó háaɓɛ a ni a fɔ́ɔ kákkabɛ wo kákkabɛ bi mín fírɛ len kó háaɓɛ 3SG OPT 3SG say kakkabe that kakkabe be which signify -PC.RES say ETRG.PUL pron pm pron v n pron n cop n v -mrph v n

MamJ

kó háaɓɛ, wo le kó kákkabɛ, si wo máa dún a i fɔ́ɔ-la le kán fíɲɛ̀   the slave workers, otherwise, it's called black language. kó háaɓɛ wo le kó kákkabɛ si wo máa dún a i fɔ́ɔla le kán fíɲɛ̀ kó háaɓɛ wo le kó kákkabɛ si wo máa dún a bi fɔ́ɔ la le kán fìn È say ETRG.PUL that FOC say kakkabe if that NEG.COso 3SG be say -GER FOC neck black -ART v n pron prt v n conj pron cop pron cop v -mrph prt n adj -mrph

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

kɔ̀nɔ ɛɛ ɓá wo kákkabɛ báti háaɓɛ fɔ́li, wo le b' a máa-la fóo b' a fɔ́ɔ-la kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ kákkabɛ   Since the word "kakabe" has become more widespread than the word "haabe",that's why now everybody calls it "kakkabe". kɔ̀nɔ ɛɛ ɓá wo kákkabɛ báti háaɓɛ fɔ́li wo le b a máala fóo b a fɔ́ɔla kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ kákkabɛ kɔ̀nɔ ɛɛ ɓáy wo kákkabɛ báti háaɓɛ fɔ́li wo le bi a máa la főo bi a fɔ́ɔ la kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ kákkabɛ but ur as that kakkabe PRF ETRG.PUL surpass that FOC be 3SG do -GER UNIV be 3SG say -GER now kakkabe conj itj conj pron n pm n v pron prt cop pron v -mrph dtm cop pron v -mrph adv n

AmaM	kákkabɛ   Kakabe kákkabɛ kákkabɛ kakkabe n

MamJ

mhm, wo le b' a máa-la, n b' a fɔ́ɔ-la kákkabɛ, si wo máa dún kó ɛɛ kúma fíɲɛ̀   That's why now everybody calls it "kakkabe", otherwise it's "black language". mhm wo le b a máala n b a fɔ́ɔla kákkabɛ si wo máa dún kó ɛɛ kúma fíɲɛ̀ mhm wo le bi a máa la n bi a fɔ́ɔ la kákkabɛ si wo máa dún kó ɛɛ kúma fìn È yes that FOC be 3SG do -GER 1SG be 3SG say -GER kakkabe if that NEG.COP so say ur speech black -ART itj pron prt cop pron v -mrph pron cop pron v -mrph n conj pron cop part v itj n adj -mrph

AmaM	kúma fíɲɛ̀, kán fíɲɛ̀ nɛ́ɛ̀?   "kúma fíɲɛ̀, kán fíɲɛ̀" right? kúma fíɲɛ̀ kán fíɲɛ̀ nɛ́ɛ̀ kúma fìn È kán fìn È nɛ́ɛ̀ speech black -ART neck black -ART EMPH n adj -mrph n adj -mrph part

MamJ	wo le fɔ́ɔ-la nun, kán fíɲɛ̀.   that's how it was called before, "kán fíɲɛ̀" wo le fɔ́ɔla nun kán fíɲɛ̀ wo le fɔ́ɔ la nun kán fìn È that FOC say -GER RETR neck black -ART pron prt v -mrph prt n adj -mrph

MamJ	háray a i fɔ́ɔ-la le kán fíɲɛ̀   before it was called "kán fíɲɛ̀" háray a i fɔ́ɔla le kán fíɲɛ̀ háray a bi fɔ́ɔ la le kán fìn È so 3SG be say -GER FOC neck black -ART itj pron cop v -mrph prt n adj -mrph

AmaM

ɛɛ háray.. háray nɔn kán fíɲɛ̀ le, an b' a fɔ́ɔ-la kán fíɲɛ̀ le nɛ́ɛ̀?   So, before they called "kán fíɲɛ̀", right? ɛɛ háray háray nɔn kán fíɲɛ̀ le an b a fɔ́ɔla kán fíɲɛ̀ le nɛ́ɛ̀ ɛɛ háray háray nɔn kán fìn È le anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la kán fìn È le nɛ́ɛ̀ ur so so but neck black -ART FOC 3PL be 3SG say -GER neck black -ART FOC EMPH itj itj itj itj n adj -mrph prt pron cop pron v -mrph n adj -mrph prt part

MamJ

mhm, i m' a yén kɛ́ɛ.. ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mín táa-len nun Bɔ́kɛ   Don't you know, that there were our ancestors who went to Boke? mhm i m a yén kɛ́ɛ ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù mín táalen nun Bɔ́kɛ mhm i máa a yén kɛɛ ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù mín tága len nun bɔ́ nkɛ yes 2SG NEG.COP 3SG see this 1PL POSS man -ART -PL which go -PC.RES RETR from -clan itj pron cop pron v pron pron conj n -mrph -mrph n v -mrph prt conj -mrph

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

wo tùgun sòséènù kó an ma le ɲɔ́ɔ là mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ   And susu they say that they are "mikifoore" wo tùgun sòséènù kó an ma le ɲɔ́ɔ là mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ wo tùgun sòso È nù kó anu ma le ɲɔ́ɔ là mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ that again sousou -ART -PL say 3PL to FOC that LOC mikifore pron adv n -mrph -mrph v pron pp prt pron pp n

AmaM	mhm   Yes mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

an y' a fɔ́ɔ-la wonù ɲɔ́ɔ, an kó le mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ̀, an fínden de tűn   They call them "mikofore" which means simply that they are black an y a fɔ́ɔla wonù ɲɔ́ɔ an kó le mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ̀ an fínden de tűn anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la wo nù ɲɔ́ɔ anu kó le mìkifɔ́ɔrɛ anu fín len le tún 3PL be 3SG say -GER that -PL that 3PL say FOC mikifore 3PL become.black -PC.RES FOC only pron cop pron v -mrph pron -mrph pron pron v prt n pron v -mrph prt prt

MamJ	an tɔ́gɛ̀ le wo   that's their name. an tɔ́gɛ̀ le wo anu tɔ́gɔ È le wo 3PL name -ART FOC that pron n -mrph prt pron

AmaM

fɛ́n de b' a máa-len kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀, an ti fɔ́lɔ ka wo kúma ɲɔ́ɔ bóloka-la kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀, an ni bìla fúla kúlè kɔ́ɔma?   How did it happen that now our people, they started to abandon their language and to take up the Pular language? fɛ́n de b a máalen kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ an ti fɔ́lɔ ka wo kúma ɲɔ́ɔ bólokala kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ an ni bìla fúla kúlè kɔ́ɔma fɛ́n le bi a máa len kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn ma la mɔ̀gɔ È nù kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ anu báti fɔ́lɔ ka wo kúma ɲɔ́ɔ bóloka la kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ anu ni bìla fúla kúlu È kɔ́ɔma what? FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES now but 1PL POSS man -ART -PL now 3PL PRF start PST.TR that speech that leave -GER now 3PL OPT plunge fula voice -ART behind pron prt cop pron v -mrph adv itj pron conj n -mrph -mrph adv pron pm v pm pron n pron v -mrph adv pron pm v n n -mrph pp

MamJ	á, nɔ̀ɔyáà, a nin ángal i yɛ̀tɛ bìta-la   The colonization and that you don't have control over yourself. á nɔ̀ɔyáà a nin ángal i yɛ̀tɛ bìtala áwà nɔ̀ɔya a nin ángal i ɲɛ̀tɛ bìta la well skill 3SG and ETRG.PUL 2SG oneself seize -GER itj n pron conj n pron n v -mrph

MamJ

i kɔ̀ntɔn-na Kámara i ni tága i n' a fɔ́ɔ Bári le, máa Jállo   you're called Kamara, you would go and say it is Bari of Diallo i kɔ̀ntɔnna Kámara i ni tága i n a fɔ́ɔ Bári le máa Jállo i kɔ̀ntɔn la Kámara i ni tága i ni a fɔ́ɔ Bári le máa Jállo 2SG greet -GER NOM.CL 2SG OPT go 2SG OPT 3SG say NOM.CL FOC NEG.COP NOM.CL pron v -mrph n.prop pron pm v pron pm pron v n.prop prt cop n.prop

AmaM	mhm   Yes mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	é? wo máa-ta káma?   How did this happen? é wo máata káma hé wo máa ta káma hey! that do -PST.INTR how itj pron v -mrph adv

AmaM	háray i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli, i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli   You disrepect yourself háray i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli háray i báti ɲɛ̀tɛ làfíli i báti ɲɛ̀tɛ làfíli so 2SG PRF oneself throw 2SG PRF oneself throw itj pron pm n v pron pm n v

MamJ	i máa i yɛ̀tɛ làfíli le?   Don't you disprespect yourself this way? i máa i yɛ̀tɛ làfíli le i máa i ɲɛ̀tɛ làfíli le 2SG NEG.COP 2SG oneself throw FOC pron cop pron n v prt

MamJ	háray i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli   You disrespect yourself. háray i ti yɛ̀tɛ làfíli háray i báti ɲɛ̀tɛ làfíli so 2SG PRF oneself throw itj pron pm n v

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

e̋? si wo máa ɗún i ka.. i ka kán ka kúma mín fɔ́ɔ, i bàaba ka i kɔ̀ntɔn kɔ̀ntɔ́rè mín nà, i ka kán ka wo le fɔ́ɔ káa?   Otherwise, that what you must say, the name that your father has given you, you must use it. e̋ si wo máa ɗún i ka i ka kán ka kúma mín fɔ́ɔ i bàaba ka i kɔ̀ntɔn kɔ̀ntɔ́rè mín nà i ka kán ka wo le fɔ́ɔ káa hé si wo máa ɗún i ka i ka kán ka kúma mín fɔ́ɔ i bàaba ka i kɔ̀ntɔn kɔ̀ntɔn ri È mín là i ka kán ka wo le fɔ́ɔ káa hey! if that NEG.COP this 2SG PST.TR 2SG PST.TR ought PST.TR speech which say 2SG father PST.TR 2SG greet greet -NMLZ.TR -ART which LOC 2SG PST.TR ought PST.TR that FOC say or.INTERR itj conj pron cop dtm pron pm pron pm v pm n n v pron n pm pron v v -mrph -mrph n pp pron pm v pm pron prt v conj

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's it. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

kɔ̀nɔ nɔn si tàran-ta, i le bá' táa kàn dóo i báti i séè mayɛ̀lɛmán, háa?   But if when you go to another place, you change you nation kɔ̀nɔ nɔn si tàranta i le bá táa kàn dóo i báti i séè mayɛ̀lɛmán háa kɔ̀nɔ nɔn si tàran ta i le báti tága kàn dóo i báti i sée ma yɛ̀lɛmán háa but but if find -PST.INTR 2SG FOC PRF go place one 2SG PRF 2SG means VERB.PL- turn.into as.far.as conj itj conj v -mrph pron prt pm v n.loc n pron pm pron n mrph- v conj

AmaM

fɛ́n b' a máa-la háa an b' an ma-yɛ̀lɛmán-na, an bi màliya-la le wo kúma fɔ́ɔ-la káa..   Why do they change it, are they ashamed of their language or..? fɛ́n b a máala háa an b an mayɛ̀lɛmánna an bi màliyala le wo kúma fɔ́ɔla káa fɛ́n bi a ma háa anu bi anu ma yɛ̀lɛmán la anu bi màliya la le wo kúma fɔ́ɔ la káa what? be 3SG to as.far.as 3PL be 3PL VERB.PL- turn.into -GER 3PL be be.ashamed -GER FOC that speech say -GER or.INTERR pron cop pron pp conj pron cop pron mrph- v -mrph pron cop v -mrph prt pron n v -mrph conj

AmaM

fɛ́n de b' a máa-la háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀, an béle a fɔ́ɔ-la?   Why is that they they don't say it? fɛ́n de b a máala háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ an béle a fɔ́ɔla fɛ́n le bi a máa la háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ anu béle a fɔ́ɔ la what? FOC be 3SG or -GER as.far.as now 3PL COP.NEG 3SG say -GER pron prt cop pron conj -mrph conj adv pron cop pron v -mrph

AmaM

an bi màliya-la le a fɔ́ɔ-la káa nɔ̀ɔyáà háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ b' an kùnma   are they ashamed of their language or is it the colonization on them? an bi màliyala le a fɔ́ɔla káa nɔ̀ɔyáà háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ b an kùnma anu bi màliya la le a fɔ́ɔ la káa nɔ̀ɔyá È háa kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ bi anu kùnma 3PL be be.ashamed -GER FOC 3SG say -GER or.INTERR colonization -ART as.far.as now be 3PL on pron cop v -mrph prt pron v -mrph conj n -mrph conj adv cop pron pp

MamJ	i k' a lɔ́n wo máa-len kómin?   Do you know, how it came to this? i k a lɔ́n wo máalen kómin i ka a lɔ́n wo máa len kómin 2SG PST.TR 3SG know that or -PC.RES how pron pm pron v pron conj -mrph adv

MamJ	fúlanù n m' a fɔ́ɔ Pánpa yan   The Fulbe, I don't talk about Panpa here. fúlanù n m a fɔ́ɔ Pánpa yan fúla nù n máa a fɔ́ɔ Pánpa yan fula -PL 1SG NEG.COP 3SG say TOPON that n -mrph pron cop pron v n.prop pron

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ an ni.. yɔ́n kélen yan   but they.. here the slave kɔ̀nɔ an ni yɔ́n kélen yan kɔ̀nɔ anu ni yɔ́n kélen yan but 3PL OPT who? one that conj pron pm pron num pron

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

fúla kélen yan, kélen pán, wo tée ɲɔ̀gɔn yén, sákkɔ wo ni fɛ̀ɛrɛ tàa ɲɔ̀gɔn fɛ   and the Fulbe there, you cannot see each other, so that you don't make agreements together. fúla kélen yan kélen pán wo tée ɲɔ̀gɔn yén sákkɔ wo ni fɛ̀ɛrɛ tàa ɲɔ̀gɔn fɛ fúla kélen yan kélen pán wo tée ɲɔ̀gɔn yén sákkɔ wo ni fɛ̀ɛrɛ tàa ɲɔ̀gɔn fɛ fula one that one there that NEG.POT the.same see not.to 2PL OPT idea take the.same with n num pron num adv pron pm n v conj pron pm n v n pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún, wo ɲàâ le dún   This is how it is, this is how it is wo ɲàâ le dún wo ɲàâ le dún wo ɲàa È le dún wo ɲàa È le dún that manner -ART FOC so that manner -ART FOC so pron n -mrph prt part pron n -mrph prt part

MamJ	wo i ɲɔ̀gɔn yén-na ɲɔ́ɔ káma? an ti wo bàsan   How do you see each other? they've mixed you. wo i ɲɔ̀gɔn yénna ɲɔ́ɔ káma an ti wo bàsan wo bi ɲɔ̀gɔn yén la ɲɔ́ɔ káma anu báti wo bàsan 2PL be the.same see -GER that how 3PL PRF 2PL mix pron cop n v -mrph pron adv pron pm pron v

MamJ

i le pán, ɔ̀ya pán, ɔ̀ya pán, si i kó i si i dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɛ̀ kéle, an n' a kéle, an n' a tɛ́fi, wo i ɲɔ́gɔn yén-na fɛ́n kélen de làko, kó si wo b' anu jánga-la le, ɛskɛ wo bél' an jànfa-la, anu ɲɔ̀gɔn yén-na wo le làko   You here, he there, he there. If you call your friend, they would call him and investigate him, why you see each other, whether you want to deceive them or not, why do you see each other. i le pán ɔ̀ya pán ɔ̀ya pán si i kó i si i dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɛ̀ kéle an n a kéle an n a tɛ́fi wo i ɲɔ́gɔn yénna fɛ́n kélen de làko kó si wo b anu jángala le ɛskɛ wo bél an jànfala anu ɲɔ̀gɔn yénna wo le làko i le pán ɔ̀ya pán ɔ̀ya pán si i kó i si i dɛ̀nɲɔ́gɔ È kéle anu ni a kéle anu ni a tɛ́fi wo bi ɲɔ́gɔn yén la fɛ́n kélen le làko kó si wo bi anu jánga la le ɛskɛ wo béle anu jànfa la anu ɲɔ̀gɔn yén la wo le làko 2SG FOC there something there something there if 2SG say 2SG POT 2SG friend -ART call 3PL OPT 3SG call 3PL OPT 3SG investigate 2PL be one.another see -GER thing one FOC for say if 2PL be 3PL ETRG.PUL -GER FOC ETRG.FR 2PL COP.NEG 3PL deceive -GER 3PL the.same see -GER that FOC for pron prt adv pron adv pron adv conj pron v pron pm pron n -mrph v pron pm pron v pron pm pron v pron cop pron v -mrph n num prt pp v conj pron cop pron v -mrph prt itj pron cop pron v -mrph pron n v -mrph pron prt pp

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ Pánpa yan nɔn máa sɔ̀n wo là   But Panpa didn't want to do it. kɔ̀nɔ Pánpa yan nɔn máa sɔ̀n wo là kɔ̀nɔ Pánpa yan nɔn máa sɔ̀n wo là but TOPON that but NEG.COP agree that LOC conj n.prop pron itj cop v pron pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	Pánpa yan, fúla béle ma tɛ́ɛma yan nà   Here in Panpa there are no Fulbe among us. Pánpa yan fúla béle ma tɛ́ɛma yan nà Pánpa yan fúla béle ma tɛ́ɛma yan là TOPON that fula COP.NEG 1PL between that LOC n.prop pron n cop pron n.loc pron pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   This is how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

ma la hɔ́ɗɛ̀, nàanin fɔ́lɛ̀ wo mu Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ le là   The first limit of our village is Bondenko (the name of a dich near Kurupanpa). ma la hɔ́ɗɛ̀ nàanin fɔ́lɛ̀ wo mu Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ le là ma la hɔ́ɗɔ È nàanin fɔ́lɔ È wo mu Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ le là 1PL POSS village -ART border first -ART that IDENT TOPON FOC LOC pron conj n -mrph n adj -mrph pron cop n.prop prt pp

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

an tɛ̀gɛ-len de tún yan nà, kɔ̀nɔ an tán máa gòyi   They've passed the limit, but it's not their property. an tɛ̀gɛlen de tún yan nà kɔ̀nɔ an tán máa gòyi anu tɛ̀gɛ len le tún yan là kɔ̀nɔ anu tán máa gòyi 3PL cut -PC.RES FOC only that LOC but 3PL POSS.EMPH NEG.COP so pron v -mrph prt prt pron pp conj pron n cop prt

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ kɛɛ kà tága háa káa là ɛɛ ma la sànsɛ́ɛ̀ dóon' bi kɔ̀ɔ kɔ́ma káa là   Bondendo is untill there, and some of our enclosures are behind the river there. Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ kɛɛ kà tága háa káa là ɛɛ ma la sànsɛ́ɛ̀ dóon bi kɔ̀ɔ kɔ́ma káa là Bɔ̀ɔndenkɔ́ kɛɛ kà tága háa káa là ɛɛ ma la sànsan È dóo nù bi kɔ̀ɔ kɔ́ma káa là TOPON this SEQ go as.far.as there LOC ur 1PL POSS fence -ART one -PL be stream space.behind there LOC n.prop pron conj v conj adv pp itj pron conj n -mrph n -mrph cop n pp adv pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	Márgale   Margale (the name of the Fulbe part of the village) Márgale Márgale TOPON n.prop

MamJ	ma la sànsɛ́ɛ̀ dóon' i búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là   There are some from our village. ma la sànsɛ́ɛ̀ dóon i búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là ma la sànsan È dóo nù bi búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là 1PL POSS fence -ART one -PL be in that LOC pron conj n -mrph n -mrph cop pp pron pp

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ	dóonù búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là   There are some of them there. dóonù búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là dóo nù búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là one -PL in that LOC n -mrph pp pron pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

áwà, ɓá kúmà tée bán, n dɔ́rɔn de b' a fɔ́ɔ-la, n bi wo bɛ̀rɛɛ̀ le máanditɛ-len, n bi búyi máanditɛ-len, kɔ̀nɔ n tée nɔ́n a fóo tɔ-lɔ́n-na yan   Since the speech does not finish, and I talk alone, this is waht I tell, I know a lot, but I cannot remember all this here now. áwà ɓá kúmà tée bán n dɔ́rɔn de b a fɔ́ɔla n bi wo bɛ̀rɛɛ̀ le máanditɛlen n bi búyi máanditɛlen kɔ̀nɔ n tée nɔ́n a fóo tɔlɔ́nna yan áwà ɓáy kúma È tée bán n dɔ́rɔn le bi a fɔ́ɔ la n bi wo bɛ̀rɛ È le máanditɛ len n bi búyi máanditɛ len kɔ̀nɔ n tée nɔ́n a főo tɔ lɔ́n la yan well as speech -ART NEG.POT end 1SG only FOC be 3SG say -GER 1SG be that measure -ART FOC remember -PC.RES 1SG be much remember -PC.RES but 1SG NEG.POT can 3SG UNIV REP- know -GER that itj conj n -mrph pm v pron dtm prt cop pron v -mrph pron cop pron n -mrph prt v -mrph pron cop adj v -mrph conj pron pm v pron dtm mrph- v -mrph pron

JumK	a béle sɛ́bɛ-len   It's not written. a béle sɛ́bɛlen a béle sɛ́bɛ len 3SG COP.NEG write -PC.RES pron cop v -mrph

MamJ	ma ni.. ma i súlɛ tágun nun   We used to close the iron ore. ma ni ma i súlɛ tágun nun ma ni ma si súlɛ tágun nun 1PL OPT 1PL POT get.drunk close RETR pron pm pron pm v v prt

AmaM	háray ma ti ma tɔ̀díya wo yen   We were happy about it. háray ma ti ma tɔ̀díya wo yen háray ma báti ma tàdíya wo yen so 1PL PRF 1PL be.pleased that for itj pron pm pron v pron pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

ma i bɔ́ɔ-la le yan, ma n táa kùréè tàa, Pàra káa là   We would go from here, and we would take the stones there in Para ma i bɔ́ɔla le yan ma n táa kùréè tàa Pàra káa là ma bi bɔ́ɔ la le yan ma ni táa kùru È tàa Pàra káa là 1PL be leave -GER FOC that 1PL OPT fire stone -ART take TOPON there LOC pron cop v -mrph prt pron pron pm n n -mrph v n.prop adv pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

ma ni kùréènù róndi ɲɔ́ɔ là, ma ni kɛ̀nbuɛ̀ tɛ̀gɛ, kà nàa kà sùlɛ́ɛ̀ la-dáa   We would carry on head, we would cut coal and we would make the production of the iron. ma ni kùréènù róndi ɲɔ́ɔ là ma ni kɛ̀nbuɛ̀ tɛ̀gɛ kà nàa kà sùlɛ́ɛ̀ ladáa ma ni kùru È nù róndin ɲɔ́ɔ là ma ni kɛ̀nbu È tɛ̀gɛ kà nàa kà sùlɔ È la dáa 1PL OPT stone -ART -PL carry that LOC 1PL OPT coal -ART cut SEQ come SEQ iron.production -ART CAUS- make pron pm n -mrph -mrph v pron pp pron pm n -mrph v conj v conj n -mrph mrph- v

chorus

Ndáanta   Ndanta. Ndáanta Ndáanta TOPON n.prop

MamJ	Pàra nin Ndáanta kélen de   Para and Ndanta it's the same thing. Pàra nin Ndáanta kélen de Pàra nin Ndáanta kélen le TOPON and TOPON one FOC n.prop conj n.prop num prt

MamJ

ma ni kùréè róndi, ma n' nàa yan, ma ni kɛ̀nbúè tɛ̀gɛ, kà sùlɛ́ɛ̀ tágun Márgale yan hári won tùma nɛ̀gɛ béle   We carried stones, we would come there, we made coal, we made the production of iron there in Margale, there was no iron a that time. ma ni kùréè róndi ma n nàa yan ma ni kɛ̀nbúè tɛ̀gɛ kà sùlɛ́ɛ̀ tágun Márgale yan hári won tùma nɛ̀gɛ béle ma ni kùru È róndin ma ni nàa yan ma ni kɛ̀nbu tɛ̀gɛ kà sùlɔ È tágun Márgale yan hári wo nù tùma nɛ̀gɛ béle 1PL OPT stone -ART carry 1PL OPT come that 1PL OPT coal cut SEQ iron.production -ART close TOPON that but that -PL time iron COP.NEG pron pm n -mrph v pron pm v pron pron pm n v conj n -mrph v n.prop pron prt pron -mrph n n cop

AmaM	mhm?   Yes? mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	hári nɛ̀gɛ béle   There was no iron. hári nɛ̀gɛ béle hári nɛ̀gɛ béle but iron COP.NEG prt n cop

MamJ	nɛ̀gɛ.. tùbábu nɛ̀gɛ béle   There was no iron from the white people. nɛ̀gɛ tùbábu nɛ̀gɛ béle nɛ̀gɛ tùbábu nɛ̀gɛ béle iron white.man iron COP.NEG n n n cop

MamJ

wo k' a lɔ́n, fɔ́lɛtɔ, hári ɔ́tɛ̀ labòri-la kɛ̀nbuè là   You know, before the cars were run with coal wo k a lɔ́n fɔ́lɛtɔ hári ɔ́tɛ̀ labòrila kɛ̀nbuè là wo ka a lɔ́n fɔ́lɛtɔ hári ɔ́tɔ È la bòri la kɛ̀nbu È là 2PL PST.TR 3SG know first but car -ART CAUS- run -GER coal -ART LOC pron pm pron v adj prt n -mrph mrph- v -mrph n -mrph pp

AmaM	ahaa   Yes ahaa á a! itj

MamJ

táà le la-bìta-la nɔn ɔ́tɛ̀ tɔ, s' a n' a wà   The fire was lighted in the machine, so that it would work. táà le labìtala nɔn ɔ́tɛ̀ tɔ s a n a wà táa È le la bìta la nɔn ɔ́tɔ È tɔ si a ni a wà fire -ART FOC CAUS- seize -GER but car -ART in if 3SG OPT 3SG go n -mrph prt mrph- v -mrph itj n -mrph pp conj pron pm pron v

AmaM	fɛ̋w s' a n' a bòri   so that it works fɛ̋w s a n a bòri fɛ̋w si a ni a bòri at.all if 3SG OPT 3SG run itj conj pron pm pron v

MamJ	s' a n' a bòri   so that it works s a n a bòri si a ni a bòri if 3SG OPT 3SG run conj pron pm pron v

AmaM	é! kɛɛ tìbáabuènù   Oh, the white people! é kɛɛ tìbáabuènù hé kɛɛ tìbáabu È nù hey! this white.man -ART -PL itj pron n -mrph -mrph

MamJ

ɛɛ a bɔ́ɔ-ta wo tɔ, a n' táa kà táa láa kúluɲɛ̀ tɔ   and apart from this, fire would be put in the train. ɛɛ a bɔ́ɔta wo tɔ a n táa kà táa láa kúluɲɛ̀ tɔ ɛɛ a bɔ́ɔ ta wo tɔ a ni tága kà táa láa kúlun È tɔ ur 3SG leave -PST.INTR that in 3SG OPT go SEQ fire lie pirogue -ART in itj pron v -mrph pron pp pron pm v conj n v n -mrph pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

i mán tága kùta gbɛ́ɛ kɛɛ bi i bólo yan nin i ni kée Kíndiya, háray kùta fóo ti bìntan   If you went with clean clothes from here to Kindiya, all your clothes would burn. i mán tága kùta gbɛ́ɛ kɛɛ bi i bólo yan nin i ni kée Kíndiya háray kùta fóo ti bìntan i máni tága kùta gbɛ́ɛ kɛɛ bi i bólo yan nin i ni kée Kíndiya háray kùta főo báti bìntan 2SG COND go clothes white this be 2SG arm that and 2SG OPT arrive TOPON so clothes UNIV PRF burn pron pm v n adj pron cop pron n pron conj pron pm v n.prop itj n dtm pm v

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	m̋?   Really? m̋ m̋

MamJ	ahaa   ahaa á a! itj

chorus

lɔ́gɛ̀   wood lɔ́gɛ̀ lɔ́gɔ È tree -ART n -mrph

MamJ	i máni kée gáru wő là, jéè bi   At each station that you arrived, there was water there. i máni kée gáru wő là jéè bi i máni kée gáru wő là jíi È bi 2SG COND arrive station UNIV LOC water -ART be pron pm v n dtm pp n -mrph cop

MamJ	an si táa ɗúyitɛ mín nà   So that they could diminish the fire with it. an si táa ɗúyitɛ mín nà anu si táa ɗúyitɛ mín là 3PL POT fire diminish which LOC pron pm n v n pp

MamJ	ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa   at that thime. ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa ɲɔ́ɔ káɲɲa that level pron n.loc

MamJ

a tóo-ta wo le tɔ háa mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù báti an ɲɛ̀tɛ ma-sɔ̀tɔ   It was like that until people got their freedom. a tóota wo le tɔ háa mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀nù báti an ɲɛ̀tɛ masɔ̀tɔ a tóo ta wo le tɔ háa mɔ̀gɔ È nù báti anu ɲɛ̀tɛ ma sɔ̀tɔ 3SG leave -PST.INTR that FOC in as.far.as man -ART -PL PRF 3PL oneself VERB.PL- get pron v -mrph pron prt pp conj n -mrph -mrph pm pron n mrph- v

MamJ

tɔ́sɔ̀tɔ bá' sɔ̀tɔ kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ dónden dónden, háa màsíɲɛ̀nù fɔ́lɔ-ta nàa-la   Now we've had a little of development, machines have started to appear. tɔ́sɔ̀tɔ bá sɔ̀tɔ kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ dónden dónden háa màsíɲɛ̀nù fɔ́lɔta nàala tɔ́sɔ̀tɔ báti sɔ̀tɔ kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ dónden dónden háa màsin È nù fɔ́lɔ ta nàa la development PRF get now little little as.far.as machine -ART -PL start -PST.INTR come -GER n pm v adv adv adv conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph v -mrph

MamJ	wo le, nɔ̀ɔyá ɗúyitɛ-len   and the dependence has diminished. wo le nɔ̀ɔyá ɗúyitɛlen wo le nɔ̀ɔyá ɗúyitɛ len that FOC colonization diminish -PC.RES pron prt n v -mrph

AmaM	ɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn   well.. ɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn ɛ̀nɛ́ɛ̀ nɔn DISC but part itj

MamJ	mhm   Yes mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	an de nɔ́n bi wo la déɲɛ̀nù tàa-la   And they would marry your daughters. an de nɔ́n bi wo la déɲɛ̀nù tàala anu le nɔ́n bi wo la dén È nù tàa la 3PL FOC can be 2PL POSS child -ART -PL take -GER pron prt v cop pron conj n -mrph -mrph v -mrph

MamJ	yɔ́nnù?   Who? yɔ́nnù yɔ́n nù who? -PL pron -mrph

AmaM	an de mínnù bi wo nɔ́ɔ-len nun   Those who before used to be your proprietors an de mínnù bi wo nɔ́ɔlen nun anu le mín nù bi wo nɔ́n len nun 3PL FOC which -PL be 2PL can -PC.RES RETR pron prt n -mrph cop pron v -mrph prt

MamJ	híi   Yes. híi ɛ́ɛy yes itj

AmaM	an ti wo la déɲɛ̀n' tàa kóoben, wo le nɔn   They have married a lot of your daughters. an ti wo la déɲɛ̀n tàa kóoben wo le nɔn anu báti wo la dén È nù tàa kóoben wo le nɔn 3PL PRF 2PL POSS child -ART -PL take much 2PL FOC but pron pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph v adv pron prt itj

MamJ

ma báta yan, ma báta Pánpa yan a bɔ́ɔ-len de fɔ́lɔ-la   At our place here in Panpa, it's just beginning. ma báta yan ma báta Pánpa yan a bɔ́ɔlen de fɔ́lɔla ma báta yan ma báta Pánpa yan a bɔ́ɔ len le fɔ́lɔ la 1PL at that 1PL at TOPON that 3SG leave -PC.RES FOC start -GER pron pp pron pron pp n.prop pron pron v -mrph prt v -mrph

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	hári ma le tée sɔ̀n   Before we didn't want it. hári ma le tée sɔ̀n hári ma le tée sɔ̀n but 1PL FOC NEG.POT agree prt pron prt pm v

MamJ

hári ma le tée sɔ̀n, ɓá an t' a díi ma ma   Before we didn't want because they didn't give it to us. hári ma le tée sɔ̀n ɓá an t a díi ma ma hári ma le tée sɔ̀n ɓáy anu tée a dín ma ma but 1PL FOC NEG.POT agree as 3PL NEG.POT 3SG give 1PL to prt pron prt pm v conj pron pm pron v pron pp

AmaM	fí fɛ́n nà?   Why? fí fɛ́n nà fí fɛ́n là to what? LOC conj pron pp

MamJ	é? a fí fɛ́n nà? an i ma nɔ́ɔ-len de nun   because they were our owners. é a fí fɛ́n nà an i ma nɔ́ɔlen de nun hé a fí fɛ́n là anu bi ma nɔ́n len le nun hey! 3SG to what? LOC 3PL be 1PL can -PC.RES FOC RETR itj pron conj pron pp pron cop pron v -mrph prt prt

AmaM	an bi wo kɔ́nden de tűn   So, its just because they didn't like you an bi wo kɔ́nden de tűn anu bi wo kɔ́n len le tún 3PL be that dislike -PC.RES FOC only pron cop pron v -mrph prt prt

MamJ	ɛ́ nɛ́ɛ̀   ɛ́ nɛ́ɛ̀ ɛ́ nɛ́ɛ̀ DISC EMPH itj part

AmaM	kà wo kɔ́n tűn   not to like you just like that. kà wo kɔ́n tűn kà wo kɔ́n tún SEQ 2PL dislike only conj pron v prt

MamJ	ɛ́ɛy   Yes ɛ́ɛy ɛ́ɛy yes itj

AmaM	wo le b' a máa-len, an ka wo kɔ́nden de tűn   So, they just don't like you. wo le b a máalen an ka wo kɔ́nden de tűn wo le bi a máa len anu ka wo kɔ́n len le tún that FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES 3PL PST.TR 2PL dislike -PC.RES FOC only pron prt cop pron v -mrph pron pm pron v -mrph prt prt

MamJ	i bát' an na déɲɛ̀nù dóonù yén yan nà?   Have you seen any of their children here? i bát an na déɲɛ̀nù dóonù yén yan nà i báti anu la dén È nù dóo nù yén yan là 2SG PRF 3PL POSS child -ART -PL one -PL see that LOC pron pm pron conj n -mrph -mrph n -mrph v pron pp

AmaM	ɔ̀ɔ́, n m' a yén   No, I haven't seen them. ɔ̀ɔ́ n m a yén ɔ̀ɔ́yɛ̀ n máa a yén no 1SG NEG.COP 3SG see itj pron cop pron v

MamJ	n m' a yén bùtun   I haven't seen it yet. n m a yén bùtun n máa a yén bùtun 1SG NEG.COP 3SG see first pron cop pron v adv

AmaM

n m' a yén, wo le k' a máa, n k' a ɲìninká kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ wo le kìnáànù, fó ma ni wo ɲìninká, a sábuè mu mín nà   I don't see ti, and that is why I asked now, you the oldmen, we have to ask you what is the reason. n m a yén wo le k a máa n k a ɲìninká kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ wo le kìnáànù fó ma ni wo ɲìninká a sábuè mu mín nà n máa a yén wo le ka a máa n ka a ɲìninká kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ wo le kìna È nù fó ma ni wo ɲìninká a sa mu mín là 1SG NEG.COP 3SG see that FOC PST.TR 3SG do 1SG PST.TR 3SG ask now 2PL FOC old.man -ART -PL one.needs.to 1PL OPT 2PL ask 3SG in.order.to IDENT which LOC pron cop pron v pron prt pm pron v pron pm pron n adv pron prt n -mrph -mrph conj pron pm pron n pron conj cop n pp

AmaM

ɓá háray wo le kìnáàn' de, kóè fóo bi wo le le bólo   since, the old people, everything is in your hands. ɓá háray wo le kìnáàn de kóè fóo bi wo le le bólo ɓáy háray wo le kìna È nù le kóo È főo bi wo le le bólo as so 2PL FOC old.man -ART -PL FOC thing -ART UNIV be 2PL FOC FOC arm conj itj pron prt n -mrph -mrph prt n -mrph dtm cop pron prt prt n

AmaM

dɔ́nk, wo le b' a máa-len, ma.. fó ma ni wo ɲìninká, ma n' a lɔ́n, fɛ́n de máata a sábuè là, ma le ma nɛ̀ɛnɛ kéleɲɛ̀nù bi táa-la ɲɔ́ɔ là, an de béle táa-la yan nà.   So this is why we have to ask you so that we know, what is the reason that our siblings of there, but they don't come here. dɔ́nk wo le b a máalen ma fó ma ni wo ɲìninká ma n a lɔ́n fɛ́n de máata a sábuè là ma le ma nɛ̀ɛnɛ kéleɲɛ̀nù bi táala ɲɔ́ɔ là an de béle táala yan nà dɔ́nk wo le bi a máa len ma fó ma ni wo ɲìninká ma ni a lɔ́n fɛ́n le máa ta a sábu È là ma le ma nɛ̀ɛnɛ kélen È nù bi tága la ɲɔ́ɔ là anu le béle tága la yan là ETRG.FR 2PL FOC be 3SG do -PC.RES 1PL one.needs.to 1PL OPT 2PL ask 1PL OPT 3SG know what? FOC do -PST.INTR 3SG support -ART LOC 1PL FOC 1PL mother one -ART -PL be go -GER that LOC 3PL FOC COP.NEG go -GER that LOC itj pron prt cop pron v -mrph pron conj pron pm pron n pron pm pron v pron prt v -mrph pron n -mrph pp pron prt pron n num -mrph -mrph cop v -mrph pron pp pron prt cop v -mrph pron pp

MamJ	n mákɔ̀nɔn dé   wait n mákɔ̀nɔn dé n mákɔ̀nɔn dé 1SG wait EMPH pron v prt

MamJ	sábu fìsa n kɔ le, si i ka n nɔ́n   the help is stronger than me if you subdue me. sábu fìsa n kɔ le si i ka n nɔ́n sábu fìsa n kɔ le si i ka n nɔ́n support be.better 1SG behind FOC if 2SG PST.TR 1SG can n adj pron pp prt conj pron pm pron v

MamJ	n tée i nɔ́n, sábu fìsa le wo kɔ   I can not rule you, the reason is stronger than this. n tée i nɔ́n sábu fìsa le wo kɔ n tée i nɔ́n sábu fìsa le wo kɔ 1SG NEG.POT 2SG can support be.better FOC that behind pron pm pron v n adj prt pron pp

AmaM	ɔ̀ɔ́yɛ̀   No. ɔ̀ɔ́yɛ̀ ɔ̀ɔ́yɛ̀ no itj

MamJ

ɛɛ, i kán.. i kán.. káamin lɔ́gɔ b' i là, i béle n gbàsi-la ɲɔ́ɔ le?   Won't you beat me where you want to? ɛɛ i kán i kán káamin lɔ́gɔ b i là i béle n gbàsila ɲɔ́ɔ le ɛɛ i káni i káni káamin lɔ́gɔ bi i là i béle n gbàsi la ɲɔ́ɔ le ur 2SG IMP.NEG 2SG IMP.NEG when wish be 2SG LOC 2SG COP.NEG 1SG beat -GER that FOC itj pron pm pron pm adv n cop pron pp pron cop pron v -mrph pron prt

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

ɲɔ́ɔ nun, an tán mu mùséè mín nà, nin an tán mu kán fín tígè mín nà, won de ɲɔ̀gɔn tàa   Before, their women and the kakabe (kanfintige - kakkabe, those that have black language), they would marry with each other. ɲɔ́ɔ nun an tán mu mùséè mín nà nin an tán mu kán fín tígè mín nà won de ɲɔ̀gɔn tàa ɲɔ́ɔ nun anu tán mu mùsu È mín là nin anu tán mu kán fín tìgi È mín là wo nù le ɲɔ̀gɔn tàa that RETR 3PL POSS.EMPH IDENT woman -ART which LOC and 3PL POSS.EMPH IDENT neck become.black owner -ART which LOC that -PL FOC the.same take pron prt pron n cop n -mrph n pp conj pron n cop n v n -mrph n pp pron -mrph prt n v

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	fí tűn, a n' anu nɔ́n   Because he was stronger than them. fí tűn a n anu nɔ́n fí tún a ni anu nɔ́n to only 3SG OPT 3PL can conj prt pron pm pron v

MamJ

i le wő i la mùséè wő háray wo si tága wáli a yen   You and your wife you would go to work for him. i le wő i la mùséè wő háray wo si tága wáli a yen i le wő i la mùsu È wő háray wo si tága wáli a yen 2SG FOC UNIV 2SG POSS woman -ART UNIV so 2PL POT go work 3SG for pron prt dtm pron conj n -mrph dtm itj pron pm v v pron pp

AmaM	e̋?   e̋ hé hey! itj

MamJ

ani.. an de ɲɔ̀gɔn tàa-la, si i ka dóo gbɛ́tɛ tán tára, an t' a díi   They married between each other (the Fulbe), and if you asked for their wife, they wouldn't give it. ani an de ɲɔ̀gɔn tàala si i ka dóo gbɛ́tɛ tán tára an t a díi anu anu le ɲɔ̀gɔn tàa la si i ka dóo gbɛ́tɛ tán tára anu tée a dín 3PL 3PL FOC the.same take -GER if 2SG PST.TR one other POSS.EMPH pray 3PL NEG.POT 3SG give pron pron prt n v -mrph conj pron pm n adj n v pron pm pron v

AmaM

an mán' a wà wáli dúla nɛ́ɛ̀ ɲɔ́ɔ, an s' anu yɔ̀gɔ káa an s' anu kɔ́ɔ dámuè tɔ?   When they go to work, do they pay them or do they give them food? an mán a wà wáli dúla nɛ́ɛ̀ ɲɔ́ɔ an s anu yɔ̀gɔ káa an s anu kɔ́ɔ dámuè tɔ anu máni a wà wáli dúla nɛ́ɛ̀ ɲɔ́ɔ anu si anu yɔ̀gɔ káa anu si anu kɔ́ɔ dámu È tɔ 3PL COND 3SG go work place EMPH that 3PL POT 3PL such or.INTERR 3PL POT 3PL give eat -ART in pron pm pron v v n.loc part pron pron pm pron n conj pron pm pron v v -mrph pp

MamJ	an n' an yɔ̀gɔ fɛ́n nà?   What do they pay them? an n an yɔ̀gɔ fɛ́n nà anu ni anu yɔ̀gɔ fɛ́n là 3PL OPT 3PL such what? LOC pron pm pron n pron pp

AmaM

kɔ̀nɔ an s' anu kɔ́ɔ dámuè tɔ, báluè tɔ, an si mín láa an búè tɔ   But they could give them food to eat, that they can put in their stomack. kɔ̀nɔ an s anu kɔ́ɔ dámuè tɔ báluè tɔ an si mín láa an búè tɔ kɔ̀nɔ anu si anu kɔ́ɔ dámu È tɔ bálu È tɔ anu si mín láa anu búu È tɔ but 3PL POT 3PL give eat -ART in be.alive -ART in 3PL POT which lie 3PL stomach -ART in conj pron pm pron v v -mrph pp v -mrph pp pron pm n v pron n -mrph pp

MamJ	an t' an kɔ́ɔ fűs tɔ   They wouldn't give them anything. an t an kɔ́ɔ fűs tɔ anu tée anu kɔ́ɔ fűs tɔ 3PL NEG.POT 3PL give nothing in pron pm pron v n pp

AmaM	kà tága tűn kà wáli kà nàa   They just go and work and come back. kà tága tűn kà wáli kà nàa kà tága tún kà wáli kà nàa SEQ go only SEQ work SEQ come conj v prt conj v conj v

MamJ	k' a wà tűn kà wáli   just go and work. k a wà tűn kà wáli kà a wà tún kà wáli SEQ 3SG go only SEQ work conj pron v prt conj v

MamJ

i mán' a wáli.. i mán' a wáli, i nàa-la i báta dé, i máni i tɔ-sɔ̀tɔ mín bɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ là, i ni tága i ni nàa wáli   When you've worked you go home, and the little time that you have, you go and you work. i mán a wáli i mán a wáli i nàala i báta dé i máni i tɔsɔ̀tɔ mín bɛ̀rɛ́ɛ̀ là i ni tága i ni nàa wáli i máni a wáli i máni a wáli i nàa la i báta dé i máni i tɔ sɔ̀tɔ mín bɛ̀rɛ È là i ni tága i ni nàa wáli 2SG COND 3SG work 2SG COND 3SG work 2SG come -GER 2SG at EMPH 2SG COND 2SG REP- get which measure -ART LOC 2SG OPT go 2SG OPT come work pron pm pron v pron pm pron v pron v -mrph pron pp prt pron pm pron mrph- v n n -mrph pp pron pm v pron pm v v

AmaM

an na nìngéènù nin an na sàakaànù nin an na bàânù tùgun   And also their cows, their sheep and their goats an na nìngéènù nin an na sàakaànù nin an na bàânù tùgun anu la nìngí È nù nin anu la sàaka È nù nin anu la bàa È nù tùgun 3PL POSS cow -ART -PL and 3PL POSS ram -ART -PL and 3PL POSS goat -ART -PL again pron conj n -mrph -mrph conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph adv

AmaM

an bi mínnù nɔ́ɔ-len won de b' a wà-la kà tɔ-ɲíni, káa an na déɲɛ̀nù b' a wà-la kà tɔ-ɲíni nun   were it those, who were governed by them, that went to take them back or were it their children that went to take them back? (in the morning the cattle is let to go to the bush and in the evening you have to go to and take them back to the village) an bi mínnù nɔ́ɔlen won de b a wàla kà tɔɲíni káa an na déɲɛ̀nù b a wàla kà tɔɲíni nun anu bi mín nù nɔ́n len wo nù le bi a ɔ a kà tɔ ɲínin káa anu la dén È nù bi a wà la kà tɔ ɲínin nun 3PL be which -PL can -PC.RES that -PL FOC be 3SG 2PL 3SG SEQ REP- look.for or.INTERR 3PL POSS child -ART -PL be 3SG go -GER SEQ REP- look.for RETR pron cop n -mrph v -mrph pron -mrph prt cop pron pron pron conj mrph- v conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph cop pron v -mrph conj mrph- v prt

MamJ

an i mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ le tàa-la, dénnɛ̀ dóonù háray won i ɲɔ́ɔ là kùda̋y, won de i won tɔ-ɲín-na k' an na-dòn, k' an na-bɔ́ɔ, won' i ɲɔ́ɔ là le   They take people (slaves) and these children, they stay there forever, and it's them who go to look for them (the cattle in the bush), they take them home and they let them out, they are there. an i mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ le tàala dénnɛ̀ dóonù háray won i ɲɔ́ɔ là kùda̋y won de i won tɔɲínna k an nadòn k an nabɔ́ɔ won i ɲɔ́ɔ là le anu bi mɔ̀gɔ È le tàa la dénden È dóo nù háray wo nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là kùda̋y wo nù le bi wo nù tɔ ɲínin la kà anu la dòn kà anu la bɔ́ɔ wo nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ là le 3PL be man -ART FOC take -GER child -ART one -PL so that -PL be that LOC forever that -PL FOC be that -PL REP- look.for -GER SEQ 3PL CAUS- enter SEQ 3PL CAUS- leave that -PL be that LOC FOC pron cop n -mrph prt v -mrph n -mrph n -mrph itj pron -mrph cop pron pp n pron -mrph prt cop pron -mrph mrph- v -mrph conj pron mrph- v conj pron mrph- v pron -mrph cop pron pp prt

AmaM	brúsà tɔ   in the bush brúsà tɔ búrusa È tɔ bush -ART in n -mrph pp

MamJ	anu báta   at their place anu báta anu báta 3PL at pron pp

AmaM	an báta ɲɔ́ɔ là   at their place there an báta ɲɔ́ɔ là anu báta ɲɔ́ɔ là 3PL at that LOC pron pp pron pp

MamJ

won ni jéè sɔ̀ri, an ni lɔ́gɔ ɲíni, an si fɛ̋nfɛn máa, an s' a máa, kɔ̀nɔ an t' anu fɛ́ɛtibɔ   They scoop water, they look for wood, they do everything, but they don't buy them clothes. won ni jéè sɔ̀ri an ni lɔ́gɔ ɲíni an si fɛ̋nfɛn máa an s a máa kɔ̀nɔ an t anu fɛ́ɛtibɔ wo nù ni jíi È sɔ̀ri anu ni lɔ́gɔ ɲínin anu si fɛ̋nfɛn máa anu si a máa kɔ̀nɔ anu tée anu fɛ́ɛtibɔ that -PL OPT water -ART get.up.early 3PL OPT tree look.for 3PL POT something do 3PL POT 3SG do but 3PL NEG.POT 3PL buy.clothes pron -mrph pm n -mrph v pron pm n v pron pm n v pron pm pron v conj pron pm pron v

AmaM	kɔ̀nɔ an s' an.. an t' an fɛ́ɛtibɔ   But they don't buy them clothes. kɔ̀nɔ an s an an t an fɛ́ɛtibɔ kɔ̀nɔ anu si anu anu tée anu fɛ́ɛtibɔ but 3PL POT 3PL 3PL NEG.POT 3PL clothes conj pron pm pron pron pm pron n

MamJ	áa   yes áa áwà well itj

AmaM

wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi tóo-la káa là an tée kùta láa an ma   They stay like that, and they don't put on clothes. wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi tóola káa là an tée kùta láa an ma wo ɲɔ́ɔ bi tóo la káa là anu tée kùta láa anu ma that that be leave -GER there LOC 3PL NEG.POT clothes lie 3PL to pron pron cop v -mrph adv pp pron pm n v pron pp

MamJ

an s' an láa, si an na kìnáànù ka díi anu fɛ yan nà   They would put it on, if their parents give it to them here. an s an láa si an na kìnáànù ka díi anu fɛ yan nà anu si anu láa si anu la kìna È nù ka dín anu fɛ yan là 3PL POT 3PL lie if 3PL POSS old.man -ART -PL PST.TR give 3PL with that LOC pron pm pron v conj pron conj n -mrph -mrph pm v pron pp pron pp

AmaM	yan nà   here yan nà yan là that LOC pron pp

AmaM	an ni tóo wo ɲɔ́ɔ búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ   They remain like this an ni tóo wo ɲɔ́ɔ búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ anu ni tóo wo ɲɔ́ɔ búutɔ ɲɔ́ɔ 3PL OPT leave that that in that pron pm v pron pron pp pron

AmaM	an tée an na-kàran, an tée fɛ̋nfɛn máa   They don't makey them study, they don't do anything. an tée an nakàran an tée fɛ̋nfɛn máa anu tée anu la kàran anu tée fɛ̋nfɛn máa 3PL NEG.POT 3PL CAUS- study 3PL NEG.POT something do pron pm pron mrph- v pron pm n v

MamJ	an y' a fɔ́ɔ-la wo le ma i kó kúrukaadɔɛ̀   They call them "kurukado". an y a fɔ́ɔla wo le ma i kó kúrukaadɔɛ̀ anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la wo le ma i kó kúrukaadɔ È 3PL be 3SG say -GER that FOC to 2SG say ETRG.PUL -ART pron cop pron v -mrph pron prt pp pron v n -mrph

AmaM	kúrukaadɔɛ̀   the slave kúrukaadɔɛ̀ kúrukaadɔ È ETRG.PUL -ART n -mrph

AmaM	dɔ́nk háray kɛɛ áduna bàngukálè fóo búutɔ   So, in the whole world, dɔ́nk háray kɛɛ áduna bàngukálè fóo búutɔ dɔ́nk háray kɛɛ áduna bàngukáli È főo búutɔ ETRG.FR so this life earth -ART UNIV in itj itj pron n n -mrph dtm pp

AmaM

óma le.. óma le tűn de.. ála kíiti-ta, óma le tűn de ka tɔ́ɔrɔya wo sɔ̀tɔ káa mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ dóonù bi háray óma tùgun máa?   Is it only us, that God decided that we suffer, or are there other people apart from us? óma le óma le tűn de ála kíitita óma le tűn de ka tɔ́ɔrɔya wo sɔ̀tɔ káa mɔ̀gɛ́ɛ̀ dóonù bi háray óma tùgun máa óma le óma le tún le álla kíiti ta óma le tún le ka tɔ́ɔrɔ ya wo sɔ̀tɔ káa mɔ̀gɔ È dóo nù bi háray óma tùgun máa 1PL.INCL FOC 1PL.INCL FOC only FOC God decide -PST.INTR 1PL.INCL FOC only FOC PST.TR suffer -ABST that get or.INTERR man -ART one -PL be so 1PL.INCL again NEG.COP pron prt pron prt prt prt n v -mrph pron prt prt prt pm v -mrph pron v conj n -mrph n -mrph cop itj pron adv cop

MamJ	a béle, a béle wő béle káamin nɔn   There is no such place where you don't have it. a béle a béle wő béle káamin nɔn a béle a béle wő béle káamin nɔn 3SG COP.NEG 3SG COP.NEG UNIV COP.NEG when but pron cop pron cop dtm cop adv itj

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	a bi   It exists there. a bi a bi 3SG be pron cop

MamJ	a fínma a gbɛ́ɛma. a bi   Black or white, it is everywhere. a fínma a gbɛ́ɛma a bi a fín ma a gbɛ́ɛ ma a bi 3SG become.black -ADJ 3SG be.clean -ADJ 3SG be pron v -mrph pron v -mrph pron cop

AmaM	gòyi   Right. gòyi gòyi so prt

MamJ

a bi.. a bi hári i mán táa káamin kùɲɛ́ɛ̀ bi ɲɔ́ɔ,   Wherever you go, there is a governor, a bi a bi hári i mán táa káamin kùɲɛ́ɛ̀ bi ɲɔ́ɔ a bi a bi hári i máni tága káamin kùn È bi ɲɔ́ɔ 3SG be 3SG be but 2SG COND go when head -ART be that pron cop pron cop prt pron pm v adv n -mrph cop pron

JumK	dóonù bi ɲɔ́ɔ   There are others.. dóonù bi ɲɔ́ɔ dóo nù bi ɲɔ́ɔ one -PL be that n -mrph cop pron

MamJ	mín bi dóonù nɔ́ɔ-len bi ɲɔ́ɔ   There are those who rule over other people. mín bi dóonù nɔ́ɔlen bi ɲɔ́ɔ mín bi dóo nù nɔ́n len bi ɲɔ́ɔ which be one -PL can -PC.RES be that n cop n -mrph v -mrph cop pron

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ	ɓá si i táa-ta árabu jàmanáà tɔ, a bi   I you go the the Arab country, it is there. ɓá si i táata árabu jàmanáà tɔ a bi ɓáy si i tága ta árabu jàmaná È tɔ a bi as if 2SG go -PST.INTR Arab land -ART in 3SG be conj conj pron v -mrph n n -mrph pp pron cop

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	sínuwan' tɔ, a bi   In China, it is there. sínuwan tɔ a bi sínuwa nù tɔ a bi Chinese -PL in 3SG be n -mrph pp pron cop

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	ɛɛ áleman, a bi.   in Germany, it is there. ɛɛ áleman a bi ɛɛ áleman a bi ur German 3SG be itj n pron cop

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

tìbáabuènù ka álemannù nɔ́n nɛ́ɛ̀, anu máa anu dɛ́turnɛ le, k' anu nàati anu báta?   Isn't it that the white defeated the Germans and made them return to them and took them (as captives) with them? tìbáabuènù ka álemannù nɔ́n nɛ́ɛ̀ anu máa anu dɛ́turnɛ le k anu nàati anu báta tìbáabu È nù ka áleman nù nɔ́n nɛ́ɛ̀ anu máa anu dɛ́turnɛ le kà anu nàati anu báta white.man -ART -PL PST.TR German -PL can EMPH 3PL NEG.COP 3PL ETRG.FR FOC SEQ 3PL bring 3PL at n -mrph -mrph pm n -mrph v part pron cop pron v prt conj pron v pron pp

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún wo ɲàa È le dún that manner -ART FOC so pron n -mrph prt part

AmaM

dɔ́nk óma la kɛɛ júma sálè tùgun yan de tɔ, ma ti fɔ́lɔ júma kɛ́ɛ sàli-la ma báta yan kómin nà a ti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ.. dɛ̀pí júma sálè fɔ́lɔ-ta, a báti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ? tèle jèlu bɔ́ɔ.. ɛɛ.. sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ?   Our praying there, since we started praying here, how many years have passed? dɔ́nk óma la kɛɛ júma sálè tùgun yan de tɔ ma ti fɔ́lɔ júma kɛ́ɛ sàlila ma báta yan kómin nà a ti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ dɛ̀pí júma sálè fɔ́lɔta a báti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ tèle jèlu bɔ́ɔ ɛɛ sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ dɔ́nk óma la kɛɛ júma sàli È tùgun yan le tɔ ma báti fɔ́lɔ júma kɛɛ sàli la ma báta yan kómin là a báti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ dɛ̀pí júma sàli È fɔ́lɔ ta a báti sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ tèle jèlu bɔ́ɔ ɛɛ sàn jèlu bɔ́ɔ ETRG.FR 1PL.INCL POSS this friday pray -ART again that FOC in 1PL PRF start friday this pray -GER 1PL at that how LOC 3SG PRF year how.many? leave ETRG.FR friday pray -ART start -PST.INTR 3SG PRF year how.many? leave sun how.many? leave ur year how.many? leave itj pron conj pron n v -mrph adv pron prt pp pron pm v n pron v -mrph pron pp pron adv pp pron pm n n v conj n v -mrph v -mrph pron pm n n v n n v itj n n v

chorus

sàn sàba le káa   three years sàn sàba le káa sàn sàba le káa year three FOC there n num prt adv

MamJ	áwà ɲɔ́ɔ an tòoɲáà bi, kó sàn sàba le   They're right, it's three years. áwà ɲɔ́ɔ an tòoɲáà bi kó sàn sàba le áwà ɲɔ́ɔ anu tòoɲa È bi kó sàn sàba le well that 3PL truth -ART be say year three FOC itj pron pron n -mrph cop v n num prt

AmaM	sàn sàba le káa? ma i sàli-la yan   We've been praying here for three years. sàn sàba le káa ma i sàlila yan sàn sàba le káa ma bi sàli la yan year three FOC or.INTERR 1PL be pray -GER that n num prt conj pron cop v -mrph pron

MamJ	ma i sàli-la yan   we've been praying here ma i sàlila yan ma bi sàli la yan 1PL be pray -GER that pron cop v -mrph pron

AmaM	ma b' a fóo máa-la wo ma le báta yan nɛ́tɔ   We do all this here. ma b a fóo máala wo ma le báta yan nɛ́tɔ ma bi a főo máa la wo ma le báta yan nɛ́tɔ 1PL be 3SG UNIV do -GER that to FOC at that in pron cop pron dtm v -mrph pron pp prt pp pron pp

MamJ

ma b' a fóo máa-la ma báta yan de tɔ, kɔ̀nɔ ɛ̀lla bi ɲɔ́ɔ là   We do all this at our place, but there is one problem ma b a fóo máala ma báta yan de tɔ kɔ̀nɔ ɛ̀lla bi ɲɔ́ɔ là ma bi a főo máa la ma báta yan le tɔ kɔ̀nɔ ɛ̀lla bi ɲɔ́ɔ là 1PL be 3SG UNIV do -GER 1PL at that FOC in but harm be that LOC pron cop pron dtm v -mrph pron pp pron prt pp conj n cop pron pp

AmaM	áwà, fɛ́n ɛ̀lla?   What problem? áwà fɛ́n ɛ̀lla áwà fɛ́n ɛ̀lla well what? harm itj pron n

MamJ

fɛ́n mu wo ɛ̀llaà là? ma la jáamiyè káydè, ma ka kán k' a la-bɛ̀n   What is the problem? The documents of the mosque we have to arrange it. fɛ́n mu wo ɛ̀llaà là ma la jáamiyè káydè ma ka kán k a labɛ̀n fɛ́n mu wo ɛ̀lla È là ma la jáamiye È káydi È ma ka kán kà a la bɛ̀n what? IDENT that harm -ART LOC 1PL POSS mosque -ART paper -ART 1PL PST.TR ought SEQ 3SG CAUS- meet pron cop pron n -mrph pp pron conj n -mrph n -mrph pron pm v conj pron mrph- v

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

ma la jáamiyè, a káydè ma ka kán k' a la-bɛ̀n. Ma mán' a la-bɛ̀n, ma tùgun si tàran jáamiyèn' na kɔ̀ntɛɛ̀ tɔ, kɔ̀nɔ nɔn tíɲarè i ma bólo   Our mosque, we have to arrange it's documents. When we've arranged it, we will be considered in the mosque census, but there is one fault there. ma la jáamiyè a káydè ma ka kán k a labɛ̀n Ma mán a labɛ̀n ma tùgun si tàran jáamiyèn na kɔ̀ntɛɛ̀ tɔ kɔ̀nɔ nɔn tíɲarè i ma bólo ma la jáamiye È a káydi È ma ka kán kà a la bɛ̀n ma máni a la bɛ̀n ma tùgun si tàran jáamiye la kɔ̀ntɛ È tɔ kɔ̀nɔ nɔn tíɲa ri È bi ma bólo 1PL POSS mosque -ART 3SG paper -ART 1PL PST.TR ought SEQ 3SG CAUS- meet 1PL COND 3SG CAUS- meet 1PL again POT find mosque POSS census -ART in but but go.bad -NMLZ.TR -ART be 1PL arm pron conj n -mrph pron n -mrph pron pm v conj pron mrph- v pron pm pron mrph- v pron adv pm v n conj n -mrph pp conj itj v -mrph -mrph cop pron n

AmaM	wo ɲàâ dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ dún mu wo ɲàa È dún mu that manner -ART so IDENT pron n -mrph part cop

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

kɛɛ jáamuyè i káamin yan, ma bɛ̀n-ta ɔ̀ya láa-la   There, where the mosque is, we agreed to put there the thing kɛɛ jáamuyè i káamin yan ma bɛ̀nta ɔ̀ya láala kɛɛ jáamiye È bi káamin yan ma bɛ̀n ta ɔ̀ya láa la this mosque -ART be when that 1PL meet -PST.INTR something lie -GER pron n -mrph cop adv pron pron v -mrph pron v -mrph

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	mɔr.. mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga, a i la-dòn káamin   the mor.. the place, where the person is put when he is dead. mɔr mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga a i ladòn káamin mɔr mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga a bi la dòn káamin ETRG.FR man COND die 3SG be CAUS- enter when n n pm v pron cop mrph- v adv

MamJ	wo mán láa féere, ɛɛ sùtura, a ni láa féere   it should be put apart and the toilet apart. wo mán láa féere ɛɛ sùtura a ni láa féere wo máni láa féere ɛɛ sùtura a ni láa féere that COND lie ETRG.PUL ur suffer 3SG OPT lie ETRG.PUL pron pm v adv itj v pron pm v adv

MamJ	jáamuwɔɛ̀, k' a kɔ̀nti   The mosque, it has to be censed. jáamuwɔɛ̀ k a kɔ̀nti jáamiye È kà a kɔ̀nti mosque -ART SEQ 3SG consider n -mrph conj pron v

MamJ

si tàranta si mɔ̀gɔ bílɔ́ɔlu máa mɔ̀gɔ kɛ̀mɛ bɔ́ɔ, háray wo kɔ̀nti-len, jáamiyè dímansyɔn, háray wo tùgun bi   wheter it can accomodate fifty or hundred people, this should be censed, the dimensions of the mosque, and that too. si tàranta si mɔ̀gɔ bílɔ́ɔlu máa mɔ̀gɔ kɛ̀mɛ bɔ́ɔ háray wo kɔ̀ntilen jáamiyè dímansyɔn háray wo tùgun bi si tàran ta si mɔ̀gɔ bí lɔ́ɔlu máa mɔ̀gɔ kɛ̀mɛ bɔ́ɔ háray wo kɔ̀nti len jáamiye È dímansyɔn háray wo tùgun bi if find -PST.INTR if man ten- five or man hundred leave so that consider -PC.RES mosque -ART ETRG.FR so that again be conj v -mrph conj n num- num conj n num v itj pron v -mrph n -mrph n itj pron adv cop

AmaM	wo ɲàâ dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ dún mu wo ɲàa È dún mu that manner -ART so IDENT pron n -mrph part cop

MamJ	háray a dímansyɔn, a yáagɛ nin a jànjaya   it's dimensions, it's lenght and it's width. háray a dímansyɔn a yáagɛ nin a jànjaya háray a dímansyɔn a yáagɛ nin a jànjaya so 3SG ETRG.FR 3SG become.big and 3SG width itj pron n pron v conj pron v

MamJ

pàskɛ́ si dɛ́lɛgasyɔn nàata a fɛ́lɛ, a si màɲíninka wo fóo là   Because if there's a delegation comes to look at it, they will ask about all this. pàskɛ́ si dɛ́lɛgasyɔn nàata a fɛ́lɛ a si màɲíninka wo fóo là pàsɛ́ si dɛ́lɛgasyɔn nàa ta a fɛ́lɛ a si màɲíninka wo főo là because if ETRG.FR come -PST.INTR 3SG watch 3SG POT ask that UNIV LOC conj conj n v -mrph pron v pron pm v pron dtm pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ

a si màɲíninka si mɔ̀gɔ báti fàga, ma y' a dòn-na mín nà   They will ask where do we put a person when he dies. a si màɲíninka si mɔ̀gɔ báti fàga ma y a dònna mín nà a si màɲíninka si mɔ̀gɔ báti fàga ma bi a dòn la mín là 3SG POT ask if man PRF die 1PL be 3SG enter -GER which LOC pron pm v conj n pm v pron cop pron v -mrph n pp

AmaM	mhm   Yes. mhm mhm yes itj

MamJ	ma n' a fɔ́ɔ yan de   We would say: "here". ma n a fɔ́ɔ yan de ma ni a fɔ́ɔ yan le 1PL OPT 3SG say that FOC pron pm pron v pron prt

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

si mɔ̀gɔ i táa-la sútura tɔ, wo b' a dòn-na mín nà? ma n' a fɔ́ɔ: yan de   When person goes to the toilet, where do you take him? We would say: "here". si mɔ̀gɔ i táala sútura tɔ wo b a dònna mín nà ma n a fɔ́ɔ yan de si mɔ̀gɔ bi tága la sútura tɔ wo bi a dòn la mín là ma ni a fɔ́ɔ yan le if man be go -GER toilet in that be 3SG enter -GER which LOC 1PL OPT 3SG say that FOC conj n cop v -mrph n pp pron cop pron v -mrph n pp pron pm pron v pron prt

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ si tàranta wo béle, háray a tée gàsɛ   But if there isn't any, it's not good. kɔ̀nɔ si tàranta wo béle háray a tée gàsɛ kɔ̀nɔ si tàran ta wo béle háray a tée gàsɛ but if find -PST.INTR that COP.NEG so 3SG NEG.POT be.possible conj conj v -mrph pron cop itj pron pm v

AmaM

dɔ́nk.. dɔ́nk yan káa ɲáa káa káa káa wo ɲɔ́ɔ le bi wo tɔ́ɔrɔ-la yan nà   So now, at this very moment, this is the difficulty that you have. dɔ́nk dɔ́nk yan káa ɲáa káa káa káa wo ɲɔ́ɔ le bi wo tɔ́ɔrɔla yan nà dɔ́nk dɔ́nk yan káa ɲáa káa káa káa wo ɲɔ́ɔ le bi wo tɔ́ɔrɔ la yan là ETRG.FR ETRG.FR that there eye there there there that that FOC be 2PL suffer -GER that LOC itj itj pron adv n adv adv adv pron pron prt cop pron v -mrph pron pp

MamJ

wo le ma tɔ́ɔrɔ-la wo jáamuyè la kóo, hin ma tɔ́ɔrɔ-len kóoben kóoben   this is what worries us, it worries us a lot. wo le ma tɔ́ɔrɔla wo jáamuyè la kóo hin ma tɔ́ɔrɔlen kóoben kóoben wo le ma tɔ́ɔrɔ la wo jáamiye È la kóo mín ma tɔ́ɔrɔ len kóoben kóoben that FOC 1PL suffer -GER that mosque -ART POSS thing which 1PL suffer -PC.RES much much pron prt pron v -mrph pron n -mrph conj n n pron v -mrph adv adv

MamJ

káydèn na kóo le, káydèn' dóon tée gàsɛ́, súturà kɔ́ɔma, káydè, a tée gàsɛ́   The thing with the documents, it's not good, without the toilet we cannot arrange the documents. káydèn na kóo le káydèn dóon tée gàsɛ́ súturà kɔ́ɔma káydè a tée gàsɛ́ káydi È nù la kóo le káydi È nù dóo nù tée gàsɛ sútura kɔ́ɔma káydi È a tée gàsɛ paper -ART -PL POSS thing FOC paper -ART -PL one -PL NEG.POT be.possible toilet behind paper -ART 3SG NEG.POT be.possible n -mrph -mrph conj n prt n -mrph -mrph n -mrph pm v n pp n -mrph pron pm v

MamJ

ɛɛ mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i si la-dòn káamin nɔrmalman mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga, i ka kán kà kìi jáamiyè tɔ le   When a person dies, the place where you put him, as a rule, when sombody dies his body must be kept in the mosque during the night. ɛɛ mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i si ladòn káamin nɔrmalman mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i ka kán kà kìi jáamiyè tɔ le ɛɛ mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i si la dòn káamin nɔrmalman mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i ka kán kà kìi jáamiye È tɔ le ur man COND die 2SG POT CAUS- enter when ETRG.FR man COND die 2SG PST.TR ought SEQ spend.night mosque -ART in FOC itj n pm v pron pm mrph- v adv itj n pm v pron pm v conj v n -mrph pp prt

MamJ

a béle kìi-la bón de là dé, jáamuyè tɔ   it' s not kept during the night at home, it should be in the mosque. a béle kìila bón de là dé jáamuyè tɔ a béle kìi la bón le là dé jáamiye È tɔ 3SG COP.NEG spend.night -GER house FOC LOC EMPH mosque -ART in pron cop v -mrph n prt pp prt n -mrph pp

MamJ

a ka kán la-dòn ɲɔ́ɔ.. ɲɔ́ɔ là, an b' a fɔ́ɔ-la ɲɔ́ɔ le ma.. káma..   it should be put there.. how do you call it? a ka kán ladòn ɲɔ́ɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là an b a fɔ́ɔla ɲɔ́ɔ le ma káma a ka kán la dòn ɲɔ́ɔ ɲɔ́ɔ là anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la ɲɔ́ɔ le ma káma 3SG PST.TR ought CAUS- enter that that LOC 3PL be 3SG say -GER that FOC to how pron pm v mrph- v pron pron pp pron cop pron v -mrph pron prt pp adv

MamJ	mɔrg.. mɔrg mhm? ani y' a fɔ́ɔ-la wo là   "morg" right, that's how they call it. mɔrg mɔrg mhm ani y a fɔ́ɔla wo là mɔrg mɔrg mhm anu bi a fɔ́ɔ la wo là ETRG.FR ETRG.FR yes 3PL be 3SG say -GER that LOC n n itj pron cop pron v -mrph pron pp

MamJ

ɲɔ́ɔ, mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga, i la-dòn-na ɲɔ́ɔ le. Ma le dún si dóo fàga-ta, kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ ma y' a tóo-la bóɲɛ̀ là, ma ni dóo bɔ́ɔ mín s' a kántan háa sàgúèma   When a person is dead, he is put there. And we, if somebody dies, now we keep him at home, we look for somebody, who would look after it till the morning. ɲɔ́ɔ mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga i ladònna ɲɔ́ɔ le Ma le dún si dóo fàgata kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ ma y a tóola bóɲɛ̀ là ma ni dóo bɔ́ɔ mín s a kántan háa sàgúèma ɲɔ́ɔ mɔ̀gɔ máni fàga bi la dòn la ɲɔ́ɔ le ma le dún si dóo fàga ta kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ ma bi a tóo la bón È là ma ni dóo bɔ́ɔ mín si a kántan háa sàgúma that man COND die be CAUS- enter -GER that FOC 1PL FOC so if one die -PST.INTR now 1PL be 3SG leave -GER house -ART LOC 1PL OPT one leave which POT 3SG guard as.far.as morning pron n pm v cop mrph- v -mrph pron prt pron prt part conj n v -mrph adv pron cop pron v -mrph n -mrph pp pron pm n v n pm pron v conj n

AmaM	wo ɲàâ le dún mu   That's how it is. wo ɲàâ le dún mu wo ɲàa È le dún mu that manner -ART FOC so IDENT pron n -mrph prt part cop

MamJ

ma ka tàran ma la kìnáànù tùgun b' a máa-la wo ɲàâ le nun gòyi   Our parents did it this way too. ma ka tàran ma la kìnáànù tùgun b a máala wo ɲàâ le nun gòyi ma ka tàran ma la kìna È nù tùgun bi a máa la wo ɲàa È le nun gòyi 1PL PST.TR find 1PL POSS old.man -ART -PL again be 3SG do -GER that manner -ART FOC RETR so pron pm v pron conj n -mrph -mrph adv cop pron v -mrph pron n -mrph prt prt prt

MamJ	kɔ̀nɔ ɓá nɔn kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀..   but since now.. kɔ̀nɔ ɓá nɔn kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ kɔ̀nɔ ɓáy nɔn kɔ̀tɛ́ɛ̀ but as but now conj conj itj adv

chorus

kɔ̀nɔ Fúuta yan wo béle kàyéè kànka-la   But here on the Futa-Jallon, you don't steal people. kɔ̀nɔ Fúuta yan wo béle kàyéè kànkala kɔ̀nɔ Fúuta yan wo béle kàyi È kànka la but TOPON that that COP.NEG man -ART steal -GER conj n.prop pron pron cop n -mrph v -mrph